Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Decay in Peach Fruit at the Cold Environment Using a Self-Developed Handheld Elec
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Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Decay in Peach Fruit at the Cold Environment Using a Self-Developed Handheld Electronic-Nose System Xun Wei 1,2 & Yuchen Zhang 1 & Di Wu 1
&
Zhenbo Wei 3 & Kunsong Chen 1
Received: 12 February 2018 / Accepted: 1 May 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Non-destructive detection of decay in fruit in real time during cold chain is important to recycle the decayed fruit in time for reverse supply chain. Fruit is commonly stored inside external packages during cold chain, making neither manual observation nor optical inspection techniques available to detect the decay in fruit. In this work, the potential of a self-developed handheld electronic nose (e-nose) instrument to non-destructively acquire volatile substances and then detect decay in peach fruit during cold chain (0 °C) was explored. A desktop e-nose instrument was considered as a comparison. The storage days of peach fruit during storage were also predicted by two instruments. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were used for the classification of decay in peach fruit. Partial least squares regression and LS-SVM were used for the prediction of the storage days. Successive projection algorithm (SPA), uninformation variable elimination (UVE), UVE-SPA, and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling were applied to select the characteristic variables from e-nose data. The best model for the classification of decayed fruit during cold chain by the handheld e-nose instrument had the correct answer rate of prediction of 95.83% (94.64% for healthy samples and 100.00% for decayed samples). The best model for predicting the storage days of peach fruit during cold chain by the handheld e-nose instrument had the residual predictive deviation value of 9.283. The results indicate that the self-developed handheld e-nose system is a simple and non-destructive tool to detect decay in peach fruit during cold storage. Keywords Peach fruit . Electronic nose . Decay . Reverse logistics . Supply chain . Cold chain
Introduction Food supply chains move food products from the place of production to the consumer using food logistic methods. Some food products, especially perishable foods like fruits, may become decayed during storage resulting in losses in market value. Statistical data show that more than one third of harvested fruit * Di Wu [email protected]; [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
2
China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
and vegetables are lost in the field or after harvest (FA
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