Rapid urbanization in a mountainous landscape: patterns, drivers, and planning implications
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rapid urbanization in a mountainous landscape: patterns, drivers, and planning implications Liuyao Jia . Qun Ma . Chunlan Du . Guang Hu . Chenwei Shang
Received: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 9 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Context Understanding patterns and drivers of urbanization is essential for urban sustainability, but such understanding is lacking for mountainous regions. Objectives This study had three objectives: (1) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in Chongqing, the largest mountainous metropolitan area in China, during 1990–2015; (2) to explore major drivers for the observed urbanization patterns; and (3) to identify the spatial signatures of Chongqing’s urbanization which differ from those of topographically flat urban regions for sustainable urban planning in mountainous regions. Methods We used multiple metrics to characterize urbanization patterns and expansion modes. Pearson Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01056-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. L. Jia C. Du (&) Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China e-mail: [email protected] Q. Ma (&) School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China e-mail: [email protected]
correlation analysis and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were used to identify potential drivers. Results The built-up area of Chongqing increased five times during 1990–2015 with regional variations. Three growth modes—leapfrog, edge-expansion, and infilling, took place concurrently, but their relative dominance varied in time and space with leapfrog as the dominant mode in recent years. The major drivers of built-up area expansion changed from demography to economy, with topographic constraints attenuating over time. Compared to flat urban regions in China, the spatial signatures of Chongqing’s urbanization were characterized by greater dominance of leapfrog expansion mode with smaller and more regularlyshaped patches. Conclusions The unique patterns and drivers of urban expansion in Chongqing provide new insights of urbanization in mountainous regions for sustainable urban planning. We have proposed a conceptual urban G. Hu Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China C. Shang Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Landscape Ecol
planning framework for mountainous cities based on landscape sustainability science, GeoDesign, and regional landscape characteristics. Keywords Urbanization patterns Socioeconomi
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