Reward Sensitivity, Cognitive Response Style, and Inflammatory Response to an Acute Stressor in Adolescents
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EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Reward Sensitivity, Cognitive Response Style, and Inflammatory Response to an Acute Stressor in Adolescents Daniel P. Moriarity1 Tommy Ng1 Erin E. Curley1 Brae Anne McArthur1 Lauren M. Ellman1 Christopher L. Coe2 Lyn Y. Abramson2 Lauren B. Alloy1 ●
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Received: 7 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Inflammation is gaining support as a biological mediator between stress and many negative outcomes that have heightened risk during adolescence (e.g., mood disorders). Thus, an important line of inquiry is evaluating whether risk factors for mood psychopathology also are associated with heightened inflammatory responses to stress during this developmental period. Two prominent risk factors that interact to predict mood psychopathology are reward sensitivity and perseverative cognitive response styles, which also have been associated with heightened inflammatory proteins. These factors could influence inflammation by synergistically amplifying stress reactivity. Ninety-nine late adolescents (Mage = 18.3 years, range = 15.6–21.9 years) completed measures of reward sensitivity, cognitive response style, and blood draws before and 60-min after a modified Trier Social Stress Task to determine levels of inflammation. Higher reward drive interacted with more perseverative response style ratios (rumination relative to distraction + problem-solving) to predict larger increases in interleukin-6 (a proinflammatory protein). Follow-up analyses found that reward drive interacted with all three components of the ratio to predict change in interleukin-6. Thus, these results suggest that high reward drive and perseverative cognitive response styles are associated with increased inflammatory response to social stress in adolescents, a potential physiological mechanism linking these risk factors to mood psychopathology during this developmental period. Keywords
Reward Rumination Inflammation Stress Coping ●
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Introduction Psychological stress confers risk for multiple negative health outcomes. Stress is associated with a heightened risk and worse course of many medical illnesses, including respiratory infections, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune diseases such as HIV/AIDS (Cohen et al. 1991, 2007). Additionally, stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychopathologies such as mood, anxiety, substance use, and externalizing disorders, many of which develop in middle to late adolescence (Costello et al. 2012; Kessler et al. 1997). Inflammation, an important component of the biological stress response that prepares
* Lauren B. Alloy [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
the body to heal injuries and illness, may be a mechanism mediating the relationship between stress and illness (Slavich and Irwin 2014). Many proteins are involved in
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