The calcitonin gene-related peptide family form, function and future
This book contains a comprehensive series of reviews on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family of peptides. This family of peptide hormones has a diverse and constantly expanding range of important physiologic functions, including regulation of
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Debbie L. Hay Ian M. Dickerson ●
Editors
The Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Family Form, Function and Future Perspectives
Editors Debbie L. Hay University of Auckland Private Bag 90219 Auckland 1142 New Zealand [email protected]
Ian M. Dickerson Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Rochester 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603 Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
ISBN 978-90-481-2908-9 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2909-6 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2909-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009929391 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
In 1925, J.B. Collip (1925) reported that extracts of parathyroid gland contained an activity that raised calcium levels in the blood of parathyroidectomized animals, and suggested that this was due to a hormone produced in the parathyroid gland. The story of parathyroid hormone discovery was indicative of ever-increasing sophistication in sample preparation and protein isolation techniques. This paper resolved earlier controversies over the function of the parathyroid glands and control of blood calcium. The year 1961 was a banner year for parathyroid research, in which the peptides parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were purified, and in which it was suggested that calcitonin could lower blood calcium (Copp and Cameron 1961). In 1982 it was discovered that in neurons the primary RNA transcript for calcitonin could be alternatively-spliced to give calcitonin gene-reated peptide (CGRP), and shortly thereafter amylin (previously named islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP) was identified and shown to have homology to CGRP. Since then a and b CGRP have been delineated and adrenomedullin and intermedin discovered, and this family of homologous peptides has emerged. This family of peptide hormones has a diverse and constantly expanding range of important physiologic functions, including regulation of blood calcium, vascular tension, feeding behavior and pain recognition. This peptide family is unique in that the five current members bind to two common G protein-coupled receptors, calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), with pharmacologic specificity controlled by three accessory proteins named receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP1,2,3) and signaling at AM and CGRP receptors regulated by a fourth accessory protein named CGRP-receptor component protein (RCP). Recent genetic advances developing mice lacking these individual proteins has provided surprising new information on an increasingly broad physiologic
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