Root colonization and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in distinct successional stages from an Atlantic r
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Root colonization and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in distinct successional stages from an Atlantic rainforest biome in southern Brazil Waldemar Zangaro & Leila Vergal Rostirola & Priscila Bochi de Souza & Ricardo de Almeida Alves & Luiz Eduardo Azevedo Marques Lescano & Artur Berbel Lírio Rondina & Marco Antonio Nogueira & Rosilaine Carrenho
Received: 29 May 2012 / Accepted: 1 October 2012 / Published online: 9 October 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract The influence of plant functional groups and moderate seasonality on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal status (root colonization and spore density) was investigated during 13 consecutive months in a chronosequence of succession in southern Brazil, consisting of grassland field, scrub vegetation, secondary forest and mature forest, in a region of transition from tropical to subtropical zones. AM root colonization and spore density decreased with advancing succession and were highest in early successional sites with grassland and scrub vegetation, intermediary in the secondary forest and lowest in the mature forest. They were W. Zangaro (*) : L. V. Rostirola : P. B. de Souza : R. de Almeida Alves : L. E. A. M. Lescano : A. B. L. Rondina Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] W. Zangaro : R. de Almeida Alves : A. B. L. Rondina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil L. E. A. M. Lescano : M. A. Nogueira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil M. A. Nogueira Embrapa Soja, PO Box 231, 86001-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil R. Carrenho Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
little influenced by soil properties, but were sufficiently influenced by the fine root nutrient status and fine root traits among different functional plant groups. AM root colonization and spore density were higher during the favourable plant growth season (spring and summer) than during the less favourable plant growth season (autumn and winter). Spore density displayed significant seasonal variation at all sites, whilst root colonization displayed significant seasonal variation in grassland, scrub and secondary forest, but not in mature forest. The data suggest that (1) different plant functional groups display different relationships with AM fungi, influencing their abundance differentially; (2) plant species from early successional phases are more susceptible to AM root colonization and maintain higher AM sporulation than late successional species; (3) fine root traits and nutrient status influence these AM fungal attributes; and (4) higher AM spore production and root colonization is associated with the season of higher light incidence and temperature, abunda
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