Transcriptome analysis reveals improved root hair growth in trifoliate orange seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Transcriptome analysis reveals improved root hair growth in trifoliate orange seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Chun‑Yan Liu1 · Fei Zhang1 · De‑Jian Zhang1 · Ying‑Ning Zou1 · Bo Shu1 · Qiang‑Sheng Wu1,2 Received: 12 January 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regulate root hair formation in host plants, whereas the underlying mechanisms are unknown at the molecular level. The present study aimed to analyze the molecular change in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings after inoculated with Clariodeoglomus etunicatum (C_e) and Funneliformis mosseae (F_m) for 3 months. We analyzed RNA sequences in lateral root tips from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, then randomly screened and verified 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that both fungal species increased root hair density and length in all orders of root classes (except 2nd lateral roots in C_e treatment), as well as root biomass and phosphorus (P) content in leaves and roots. We identified 1300 and 1810 DEGs in plants inoculated with C_e and F_m and validated transcriptome data using qRT-PCR, where 21, 19, and 10 DEGs were associated with P, auxins, and expansins, respectively. The most downregulated and upregulated DEGs associated with P encoded acid phosphatase and phosphate transporter, respectively. The ABC transporter was the most upregulated DEG associated with auxin metabolism. Among the DEGs associated with expansins, 50% each were upregulated and downregulated. These findings revealed that mycorrhiza colonization elicited molecular changes in improved root hairs of trifoliate orange in association with phosphorus, auxin, and expansins. Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi · Auxin · Expansin · Phosphorous · RNA-Seq · Root hair
Introduction Roots are highly plastic and can respond quickly to changes in the surrounding environment, including soil water content, mineral nutrient content and utilization rates, soil texture and the structure of microbial communities (Vandamme et al. 2013). The absorption of mineral nutrients from soil is considered to be the main function of root hairs, which Chun-Yan Liu and Fei Zhang have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00630-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qiang‑Sheng Wu [email protected] 1
College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
2
are highly differentiated cells derived from root epidermis (Salazar-Henao et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2019). Root hair growth can be affected by many factors, including soil phosphorus (P) deficiency and soil water deficit (Liu et al. 2018a; Zhang et al. 2019). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) c
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