Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Mechanisms and Molecular Approaches
This book offers an overview of salt stress, which has a devastating effect on the yields of various agricultural crops around the globe. Excessive salts in soil reduce the availability of water, inhibit metabolic processes, and affect nutrient compositio
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Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Mechanisms and Molecular Approaches Volume 2
Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Mechanisms and Molecular Approaches
Mohd Sayeed Akhtar Editor
Salt Stress, Microbes, and Plant Interactions: Mechanisms and Molecular Approaches Volume 2
Editor Mohd Sayeed Akhtar Department of Botany Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-13-8804-0 ISBN 978-981-13-8805-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8805-7 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
This book is dedicated to my grandfather, Nana
Muhammad Aziz-ur-Rahman (1907–1985) A great scholar, statesman, social reformer, and famous hakim of the twentieth century
Foreword
Global warming and other potential climatic abnormalities associated with it cause different types of biotic and abiotic stress conditions that lead to affect plant growth and yield severely. Though not visible to our naked eyes, plant-microbe interactions occur in several ways. In fact, plant interacts with microbes at a certain phase of their life, and this communication is not inevitably harmful for the plant. Indeed, there are copious examples of plant-microbe associations that effectively benefit the plants by enhancing their growth, survivability, and productivity. The plant-microbe interaction is very essential for combating any stressful conditions. The microbes associated with plants secrete volatile compounds that encourage plant growth and/ or provide resistance against abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Microorganisms, occupying in different environments, have variable biological and metab
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