Sectoral convergence in energy consumption from developing country perspective: The case of Turkey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sectoral convergence in energy consumption from developing country perspective: The case of Turkey Etem Karakaya & Sedat Alataş
&
Burcu Yılmaz
Received: 28 March 2019 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Recent studies investigating convergence in energy consumption at the sectoral level within a country suggest that aggregate energy consumption could mask considerable differential impacts that might be observed at the sectoral level. This study aims to contribute and complement the existing convergence literature with an attempt to analyze sectoral convergence in energy consumption from the developing country perspective. To this end, we choose Turkey as a developing country and employ both the conventional unit root tests and the residual augmented least squares-Lagrange multiplier (RALS-LM) methodology to investigate stochastic conditional convergence in per capita energy consumption at the sectoral level. Our findings suggest some interesting outcomes that could be relevant from the sectoral energy consumption perspectives for developing countries. While energy
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09891-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. E. Karakaya Aydın, Turkey S. Alataş (*) : B. Yılmaz Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Nazilli, Aydın, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
B. Yılmaz e-mail: [email protected]
consumption in Turkey shows a trending upward, the leading sectors of industry and transport energy consumption per capita diverge from the mean consumption and, therefore, lead to further increases in energy consumption and energy-related emissions. Moreover, agriculture and the other sector, whose consumption per capita values are below the mean, converge towards the mean. Overall, Turkish sectoral energy consumption trends follow developing countries’ patterns, and the empirical findings suggest that this trend is worrying from the sustainability perspective. Keywords Sectoral convergence . Energy consumption . Unit root tests . Turkey
Introduction Energy consumption of the countries varies depending on many factors, such as how fast an economy is growing, the technology used, as well as the structure of the economic sectors within a country. While energy consumption is generally considered a vital input and engine of economic growth, it is also seen as an important issue when countries do not have enough energy sources domestically and its negative impacts on environment, particularly through air pollution or releasing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, occur. Therefore, from economic well-being, energy security, which refers to the availability of reliable energy flows at an affordable price, as well as sustainability perspectives, monitoring energy-related indicators, especially
Energy Efficiency
energy consumption, becomes important. This, in turn, motivates many r
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