Seed dormancy and germination in Oenanthe stolonifera as affected by temperature and gibberellic acid
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RESEARCH REPORT
Seed dormancy and germination in Oenanthe stolonifera as affected by temperature and gibberellic acid Hyun Jin Kim3 · Haeyoung Na1,2 Received: 13 May 2020 / Revised: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Korean Society for Horticultural Science 2020
Abstract Our aim was to investigate the dormancy type of water dropwort seeds for developing seed germination methods in the future. The mature fruit is a schizocarp with sponge-like and thickened ribs. However, the seeds were able to absorb moisture normally. In this study, less than 14% of seeds germinated without any pretreatment after 4 weeks at 20, 25, or 25/15 °C (12/12 h). However, there was a further increase in germination percentage after 10 weeks of incubation at 5/5, 15/6, 20/10, and 25/15 °C. The seeds germinated at higher ratios under relatively colder temperature regimes. Embryo growth in the seeds occurred at both warm and cold temperatures. However, water dropwort seeds require a period of cold temperatures for embryo growth to be completed. The germination percentage was significantly higher in G A3-treated seeds, even though the absolute difference was relatively low. In water dropwort, GA can overcome seed dormancy but cold temperature alone for 8–10 weeks may effectively break seed dormancy and increase germination percentage. Based on these results, we propose that most water dropwort seeds showed intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy and some seeds had morphological dormancy at the time of dispersal. These results provide useful information for seed propagation and a practical production plan for cultivation of water dropwort. Keywords Morphophysiological dormancy · Optimum germination temperature · Propagation · Seed dormancy type · Water dropwort
1 Introduction The water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera) is widely distributed, edible and cultivable in the subantarctic regions of Korea, China, and Japan, and in the tropical regions as a perennial herb (Yang et al. 1989). In Korea, the fresh stems and leaves with a distinctive aroma and taste are used as a food (salad or seasoning in soups and stews) or as a folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, fever, and jaundice (Whang et al. 1999; Kim et al. 2013). Kim et al. (2011) Communicated by Jun Gu Lee, Ph.D. * Haeyoung Na [email protected] 1
Major in Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea
2
Mokpo National University Nature Resource Institute, Muan 58554, Korea
3
National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Korea
demonstrated that the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by extracts of O. stolonifera. In recent years, the extracts of O. stolonifera have been made into a variety of food products in Korea (An 2014; Seo et al. 2011). Since O. stolonifera is commercially grown for markets, it is necessary to provide a proper growing support system ensuring adequate growth of stems and leaves for marketability. Oenanthe stolonifera is cultiv
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