Seed Priming with Greenly Synthesized Sulfur Nanoparticles Enhances Antioxidative Defense Machinery and Restricts Oxidat
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Seed Priming with Greenly Synthesized Sulfur Nanoparticles Enhances Antioxidative Defense Machinery and Restricts Oxidative Injury Under Manganese Stress in Helianthus annuus (L.) Seedlings Gehad Ragab1 · Khalil Saad‑Allah1 Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Increased urbanization detrimentally affects crop plants. Heavy metals pollution sharply threatens food security. However, greenly synthesized nanoparticles were recently proposed as growth bioregulators. To investigate the evolved mechanisms by which sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) could improve cellular defense against manganese toxicity, the present experiment was applied on Helianthus annuus (L.) seedlings. The experimental design was based on priming of sunflower seeds for 18 h in different (12.5–200 μM) SNPs, while 100 mM manganese sulfate (MnSO4) was implemented as irrigation treatment. The 14-day-old seedlings manifested Mn noxiousness and oxidative stress indications such as increased reactive oxygen species (O2·− and H2O2) and lipid peroxidation. Manganese exposure severely lowered the activity of some antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while induced ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. An evident decline in the pool of antioxidant compounds, such as ascorbic acid (ASA), glutathione (GSH), and total flavonoids content (TFC), was attained with Mn stress. Priming with SNPs significantly stimulated CAT and SOD activities and enhanced the antioxidant compounds (ASA, TFC, and total phenolic compounds) level in Mn-stressed seedlings. Consequently, SNPs caused a significant decrease in O2·−, H2O2, and lipid peroxidation and their oxidative damage. However, a significant reduction in GSH was detected with SNPs that might be consumed and incorporated into biosynthesis of other chelating ligands. Therefore, SNPs manifested a vital role in Mn detoxification through counterbalancing oxidative damage and elevating the antioxidant defense machinery. Keywords Green synthesis · Manganese toxicity · Oxidative stress · Sulfur nanoparticles · Sunflower
Introduction Manganese (Mn) has been renowned as an essential element needed in small amounts for several physiological processes during plant growth and development. Override its tolerable concentration in soils due to man-made proceedings raised its bioavailability and exposed plants and even human health to severe toxicity symptoms (Pan et al. 2019). The elevated prevalence and severity of Mn in soils are mainly associated with decreasing its pH and increased acidity which greatly poses metal phytoavailabilty (Fernando and Lynch 2015). Therefore, Mn toxicity considers a restrictive factor of plant growth, * Khalil Saad‑Allah [email protected] 1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
particularly in waterlogged and acidic soils that compr
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