Selection of host plants for vector transmission assays of citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa sub
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Selection of host plants for vector transmission assays of citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca Mariana B. Esteves & Heloisa T. Kleina & Tiago de M. Sales & João R. S. Lopes
Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract The vector-borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is the etiological agent of important plant diseases, such as citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Biological studies are relatively scarce for CVC, in part because citrus is a low titer woody host, in which X. fastidiosa has a long incubation period and low transmission efficiency by vectors. To optimize transmission bioassays, this study was conducted to: i) identify herbaceous plants that allow rapid multiplication and systemic colonization of CVC strains; and ii) evaluate the herbaceous hosts for feeding and survival of the sharpshooter vector, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), and as indicators of infection after vector inoculation. Mechanical inoculations showed systemic colonization of X. fastidiosa in seven plant species, with higher rates of infection mainly in Catharanthus roseus. The lowest vector mortality was observed on C. roseus, Medicago sativa and Ocimum basilicum. The highest Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02134-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. B. Esteves (*) : J. R. S. Lopes Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo (SP) 13418-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] H. T. Kleina Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil T. de M. Sales Instituto Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará 68740-970, Brazil
feeding rate was verified on O. basilicum, followed by M. sativa and C. roseus. Infections after vector inoculation were detected in C. roseus, M. sativa, O. basilicum and S. americanum. Among the plant species tested, C. roseus proved to be the most suitable experimental plant for transmission assays with CVC strains of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Keywords CVC; phytopathogenic bacterium . Experimental hosts . Transmission bioassays
Introduction Vector-borne bacterial pathogens cause diseases of great economic and social impact in agriculture worldwide (Orlovskis et al. 2015; Eigenbrode et al. 2018). The elaboration of effective measures to control these diseases depends on extensive knowledge of the pathosystems, which is gained through biological, molecular and epidemiological studies of vector-plantpathogen interactions. Biological studies require the identification of competent vectors and suitable host plants for transmission bioassays. Experimental host plants should grow rapidly under greenhouse conditions and be suitable for vector feeding, as well as good indicators of pathogen infection, allowing systemic colonization and ideally, the manif
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