Selective removal of As, Sb, and Se ions from multicomponent mixture by nanoparticles
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Jing-Dong Zhang Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
Ji-Shou Piao and Dong-Hao Lib) Key Laboratory of Organism Functional Factors of the Changbai Mountains of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China (Received 4 December 2015; accepted 11 March 2016)
In this work, the selective removal of ions from multicomponent mixtures using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) was demonstrated. As, Sb, and Se ions were efficiently removed from complex mixtures, such as Rhodiola rosea extracts and influent water from the sewage treatment unit of a beer brewery. As, Sb, and Se ions could be selectively adsorbed by FMNP, as demonstrated by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analyses. We also demonstrated that Pb ions are weakly adsorbed, whereas Cu, Cd, and Zn ions cannot be adsorbed by FMNP. The complexity of the mixture did not affect the selective removal of As, Sb, and Se ions. FMNP could be recycled and used repeatedly. Magnetic separation could then be applied for the selective separation of complex mixtures, such as plant extracts, industrial wastewater, and tap water.
I. INTRODUCTION
Trace elements represent an aspect in the field of complex mixtures and have the potential to influence human life, health, and the environment. For example, the element zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements in the body and is essential as a catalytic, structural, and regulatory ion.1 As regards the levels of toxic trace elements, such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), they are detrimental to human beings to a certain degree. Large amounts of selenium (Se), which are mainly present as oxyanion in groundwater, can be toxic to human health.2 Stibium (Sb) is also regarded as a pollutant.3 Thus, the study of the removal of toxic trace elements is necessary. Conventional methods used for the removal of hazardous metal ions from complex mixtures include precipitation, ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption, and electrolysis. However, all these methods have limitations, such as high cost, low removal efficiency, or difficulty of regeneration and reuse. The efficiency of adsorbents depends on their specific surface area, number of adsorption sites, and chemical Contributing Editor: Gary L. Messing Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.115 1012
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 31, No. 8, Apr 28, 2016
stabilities. Nanomaterials have unique features and possess a high surface area to volume ratio because of their small size. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one of the prevalent kinds of sorbents.4 The most important advantage of using MNPs is the simplicity of their manipulation.5,6 A recent development in the field of toxic trace element removal is the use of adsorbents prepared by functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs). FMNP is increasingly attracting interest as an efficient sorbent for the elimination of metallic contaminants in environmental samples.7–9 FMNPs can also be u
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