Silk fibroin nanoscaffolds for neural tissue engineering
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TISSUE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTS AND CELL SUBSTRATES Original Research
Silk fibroin nanoscaffolds for neural tissue engineering Rossana Boni1 Azam Ali ●
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Stephen G. Giteru2 Amin Shavandi1,3 Andrew N. Clarkson4 ●
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Received: 3 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The nervous system is a crucial component of the body and damages to this system, either by injury or disease, can result in serious or potentially lethal consequences. An important problem in neural engineering is how we can stimulate the regeneration of damaged nervous tissue given its complex physiology and limited regenerative capacity. To regenerate damaged nervous tissue, this study electrospun three-dimensional nanoscaffolds (3DNSs) from a biomaterial blend of silk fibroin (SF), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The 3DNSs were characterised to ascertain their potential suitability for direct implant into the CNS. The biological activity of 3DNSs was investigated in vitro using PC12 cells and their effects on reactive astrogliosis were assessed in vivo using a photothrombotic model of ischaemic stroke in mice. Results showed that the concentration of SF directly affected the mechanical characteristics and internal structure of the 3DNSs, with formulations presenting as either a gel-like structure (SF ≥ 50%) or a nanofibrous structure (SF ≤ 40%). In vitro assessment revealed increased cell viability in the presence of the 3DNSs and in vivo assessment resulted in a significant decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the peri-infarct region (p < 0.001 for F2 and p < 0.05 for F4) after stroke, suggesting that 3DNSs could be suppressing reactive astrogliosis. The findings enhanced our understanding of physiochemical interactions between SF, PEG, and PVA, and elucidated the potential of 3DNSs as a potential therapeutic approach to stroke recovery, especially if these are used in conjunction with drug or cell treatment. Graphical Abstract
* Azam Ali [email protected] 1
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Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50–CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2020)31:81
1 Introduction Regeneration and repair of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a crucial challenge in neural tissue engineering. Persistent functional deficits due to discrete cell loss in specific brain regions are common in both chronic and acute neuro
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