Silver nanoparticles induce histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Silver nanoparticles induce histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei María-Cristina Chávez-Sánchez 1 & Selene Abad-Rosales 1 & Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera 1 & Leobardo Montoya-Rodríguez 1 & Miguel Ángel Franco-Nava 2 & Claudio Humberto Mejía-Ruíz 3 & Alexey Pestryakov 4 & Nina Bogdanchikova 5 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for two types of experiments: at sublethal concentrations of 3.6 to 7.1 μg/μL of metallic silver (Ag) for a short period up to 72 h and for 2.6 to 7.9 μg of Ag/μL for the long period up to 264 h. The severity degree of the changes was evaluated and the histopathological index (Hi) was determined in both experiments using the necrosis (cellular dead) as an indicator. The pathological changes in the striated muscle, gills, antennal gland, circulatory system, heart, lymphoid organ, and connective tissue are described. The histopathological effects were similar for the two experiments without a direct relationship with the concentrations. In the short-term experiment, the values of Hi were higher (2.34 ± 0.41 at 48 hpi and 1.91 ± 0.39 at 72 hpi) compared with the long-term experiment (values between 0.57 ± 0.36 to 1.74 ± 0.57 at 264 hpi). The observed pathologies are similar to those caused by other metals, with the exception of the agglomerations of black particles in the gills, lymphoid organ, and muscle, which has not been previously reported. This work shows that silver nanoparticles cause damage to shrimp in sublethal concentrations. Keywords Silver nanoparticles . Pathological alterations . Sublethal concentrations . Penaeus vannamei
Introduction The increase in aquaculture activity worldwide and globalization have augmented the possibility of the easy spread of
various pathogens. Therefore, the industry faces diseases that limit its capacity for efficient production, which has caused detrimental effects on the industry worldwide (Banerjee et al. 2014). Nanotechnology shows important potential for
Highlights • Sublethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles caused 23% mortality to shrimp • Silver nanoparticles at sublethal levels cause pathological damage to shrimp • Silver nanoparticles produce necrosis to different tissues and organs • The treated shrimp could mitigate through their immune system the effects of AgNps Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * María-Cristina Chávez-Sánchez [email protected] 1
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Mazatlan Unit of the Research Center for Food and Development, Unidad Mazatlán del CIAD, A.C. Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, 82112 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico Technological Institute of Mazatlán, Calle Corsario 1 No. 203 Col. Urías, A.P 757, 82070 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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The Northwestern Center of Biological Research, National Polytechnic Institute, s/n Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California, Mexico
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Toms
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