Smart water consumption measurement system for houses using IoT and cloud computing
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(2020) 192:602
Smart water consumption measurement system for houses using IoT and cloud computing Henry Fuentes · David Mauricio
Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Presently, in several parts of the world, water consumption is not measured or visualized in real time, in addition, water leaks are not detected in time and with high precision, generating unnecessary waste of water. That is why this article presents the implementation of a smart water measurement consumption system under an architecture design, with high decoupling and integration of various technologies, which allows real-time visualizing the consumptions, in addition, a leak detection algorithm is proposed based on rules, historical context, and user location that manages to cover 10 possible water consumption scenarios between normal and anomalous consumption. The system allows data to be collected by a smart meter, which is preprocessed by a local server (Gateway) and sent to the Cloud from time to time to be analyzed by the leak detection algorithm and, simultaneously, be viewed on a web interface. The results show that the algorithm has 100% Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F1 score to detect leaks, far better than other procedures, and a margin of error of 4.63% recorded by the amount of water consumed. D. Mauricio () · H. Fuentes Faculty of System Engineering and Informatic, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Calle Germ´an Am´ezaga N◦ 375, Lima, Per´u e-mail: [email protected] H. Fuentes e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Smart metering · Water consumption · IoT · Cloud computing
Introduction Water is the most important natural resource for humans, so the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a person should consume an average of 100 L per day to meet all their needs (United Nations 2014), but in the main capitals of South America it exceeds what is recommended, for example, La Paz consumes 120 L, followed by Bogot´a with 168 L, then Santiago with 200 L, Quito with 220 L and, finally, Lima with 250 L, whose surplus is equivalent to more than 77 thousand Olympic water pools per year (SUNASS 2017). On the other hand, in the USA inside a house, the daily consumption of water is approximately 138 gallons (522 L), being the flush of the toilet where water is used the most (24%), followed by the faucets (20%), showers (20%), clothes washer (16%), leaks (13%), bathtubs (3%), dishwasher (2%), and others (3%) (DeOreo et al. 2016). Due to this excessive water consumption, water treatment supply companies are aiming to raise public awareness about the responsible use of water. One of the functions of companies that supply water is to identify how and where waste is generated, which, in general, can be due to people’s neglect or leakage. Studies reveal that the amount of
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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
water wasted by leaks varies widely between different countries. In developed countries in Europe, it is approximately 15% (France: 27%, UK: 21
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