SnO 2 -anchored carbon fibers chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis: effects of growth parameters on morphologies an
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SnO2-anchored carbon fibers chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis: effects of growth parameters on morphologies and electrochemical behaviors Tuan Kien Nguyen1,*
1
, Shu Hearn Yu1, Jiaxin Yan1, and Daniel H. C. Chua1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
Received: 4 April 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 17 August 2020
Morphological effects on the electrochemical behaviors of Tin Dioxide (SnO2) have recently been explored in several studies. Nevertheless, the preparations of SnO2 in those works are mostly based on wet-chemistry methods, while the usage of dry-chemistry methods is still lack of investigation. In this work, for the first time, we report the successful fabrication of SnO2 particles attached on carbon fibers via a simple two-step Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) approach. CVD growth parameters (temperature, growth time and gas inlet flow rate) were systematically varied to observe the changes in morphologies (in terms of particle density and size distribution) as well as the formation of core– shell Sn/SnO2 structures; and the electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized samples were studied. Our experiments indicate strong correlations among the synthesis conditions, morphologies and electrochemical behaviors. Overall, our findings provide new insights into CVD as a morphological tailoring approach for electrochemical applications—in addition to its simple apparatus and short synthesizing duration, the process is easily extendable for the preparation of other metal and metal oxide particles.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Metal oxides (RuO2 [1, 2], MnO2 [3–5], Co3O4 [6–9], V2O5 [10, 11], SnO2 [12–22]), owing to their excellent electro-activities, are presenting themselves as an Handling Editor: Joshua Tong.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05121-4
important class of materials for electrochemical applications (supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries). Among those metal oxides, the earth-abundant Tin Dioxide (SnO2) has considerably attracted research attention due to its relatively acceptable theoretical capacity (782 mA h g-1), low cost, and non-toxicity
J Mater Sci
[12, 13]. It is well-accepted that the electrochemical properties of SnO2 are significantly affected by size effects and geometrical factors. Hence, during the past decades, there have been dedicated works focusing on the control of synthesis processes to achieve the optimized morphology. Liu et al. prepared hierarchical SnO2 nanostructures by hydrothermal method, in which the sizes and morphologies of the samples could be tuned by varying the precursors’ concentrations (SnCl22H2O and C6H5Na3O72H2O). Thus, the easy access of electrolyte anions was guaranteed by the thin thickness and hierarchical nature of intermingled nanosheets, leading to the enhanced electrochemical performance [14]. Likewise, using the similar method, Yang and co-workers
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