Solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus improves the nutritive value of corn stover-kudzu biomass
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus improves the nutritive value of corn stover-kudzu biomass Uchenna Y. Anele 1 & Felicia N. Anike 2 & Alexia Davis-Mitchell 2 & Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen 2 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2020
Abstract A batch culture technique was used to evaluate dry matter (DM) digestibility of corn stover (Zea mays L.) and kudzu, Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. after solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. Five dietary treatments consisting of mixtures of corn stover (C) and kudzu (K) in varying ratios, (1) 100C:0K, (2) 75C:25K, (3) 50C:50K, (4) 25C:75K, and (5) 0C:100K, were inoculated with P. ostreatus (MBFBL 400) and subjected to SSF for 0, 35, and 77 days. The study was arranged as a 5 × 3 factorial design with 3 replicates. Grass hay was included in the study as a control. Interactions (P < 0.05) between treatments and fermentation time were noted for the fermentation kinetics. Asymptotic gas was the highest (P < 0.05) for 0C:100K and 100C:0K on day 77. Treatment effect (P < 0.001) and treatment × fermentation time interaction (P < 0.001) were noted for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). On day 77, treatment 4 had the highest (P < 0.001) IVDMD value, while treatment 1 had the lowest (P < 0.001) IVDMD. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments 3, 5, and control. Numerically, the ranking of their IVDMD values from the highest to the lowest is 4 > 2 > 5 > control >3 > 1. The results show that the treated corn stover and kudzu mixes were comparable with the control, which is good quality hay. This is the first report that demonstrates the potential use of a combined mixture of corn stover and kudzu in ruminant animal feed development.
Introduction Feed accounts for 60 to 70% of the total costs and is the single largest variable input cost of most livestock enterprises (Berry 2009; Devendra and Leng 2011; Connor 2015). For smallholder and limited-resource livestock farmers, crop residues remain the cheapest sources of feed for ruminant animals, and one of the most abundant crop residues is corn stover (Rao and Hall 2003). Corn stover is the most abundant agricultural residue in the USA (216 million tons; Donkin et al. 2013). Annual total production of corn stover is projected to reach 261 and 303 million tons in 2022 and 2050, respectively (USDA 2011; Tan et al. 2012). Agronomically sustainable practices may enable 30–60% of the available 216 million
* Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
2
Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
tons of corn stover produced in the USA annually to be utilized for ruminant production (T.J. Klopfenstein, personal communication). Apart
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