Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom on Substrates Made of Cellulose Fibre Rejects: Product Quality and Spent Sub
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom on Substrates Made of Cellulose Fibre Rejects: Product Quality and Spent Substrate Fuel Properties Alejandro Grimm1 · Lill Eilertsen1,2 · Feng Chen1 · Renyuan Huang3 · Lars Atterhem4 · Shaojun Xiong1 Received: 15 November 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This paper explores an alternative valorisation method for high-moisture content waste streams from the pulp and paper industry. Cellulose fibre rejects from industrial-scale recycling/pulping of waste paper was used as an ingredient in substrates for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as oyster mushroom. Three substrates with 40, 60, and 80 wt% fibre rejects were tested, and a conventional substrate formula based on birch (Betula ssp.) sawdust was used for comparison. The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) fuel characteristics were assessed through ashing procedures. Mycelium growth was faster on substrates based on fibre rejects. The average biological efficiencies of the first flush of fruit bodies were between 29 and 36% compared to 42% for birch sawdust substrates. The fruit bodies had good nutritional values, i.e., crude protein (22–25 wt% d.b.), crude fat (3–3.5 wt% d.b.), crude fibre (8–10 wt% d.b.), and carbohydrates (57–62 wt% d.b.). The concentrations of heavy metals, 5–10 µg/kg Pb, 19–28 µg/kg Cd, 5–6 µg/kg Hg, and 26–53 µg/kg As were well below the limit values for food products set in EU regulations. The SMS could be used as fuel for direct combustion or co-combusted with other biomasses. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Edible fungus · Nutritional values · Heavy metals · Fuel characterization · Circular economy
Statement of Novelty * Alejandro Grimm [email protected] 1
Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
2
Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
3
Swedfungi AB, 907 40 Umeå, Sweden
4
Biosteam AB, 937 93 Burträsk, Sweden
Many different types of biowaste materials contain components that can be converted into high value-added biobased products before being used for energy purposes. This study is meant to show how cellulose-rich fibre rejects (‘secondary wastes’) from industrial-scale recycling/pulping of waste paper (‘primary wastes’) can be used as an ingredient in substrates for cultivation of edible mushrooms, and how the spent substrates (‘tertiary wastes’) can be used as solid
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biofuel. Today, fibre rejects are mostly disposed of in landfills or, to a lesser extent, used as fuel in waste-to-energy plants. To the author’s knowledge, the information about the suitability of fibre rejects for combined production of edible mushrooms and biofuels is scarce.
Introduction According to the International Council on Clean Transportation [1], approximately 225 Mt of diverse residues including, e.g., waste paper, wood, food, and pl
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