Solvothermal growth of ultrathin nonporous nickel oxide nanosheets for ethanol sensing
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Solvothermal growth of ultrathin nonporous nickel oxide nanosheets for ethanol sensing Vijay Kumar1, Dev Raj2, S. K. Chakarvarti3, Ravi Kant Choubey4, and Sunil Kumar5,*
1
Sh. L. N. Hindu College, Rohtak-124001, India IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India 3 Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India 4 Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences (AIAS), Amity University, Noida Campus, Sector-125, Noida 201 313, U.P., India 5 Department of Physics, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur-122502, Rewari, Haryana, India 2
Received: 7 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 9 November 2020
In the present work, nonporous ultrathin nanosheets of nickel oxide (NiO) were successfully fabricated via b-Ni(OH)2 using solvothermal route. The as-prepared nanosheets of b-Ni(OH)2 are thermally dehydrated at 573 K for 6 h to produce NiO nanosheets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation confirms the formation of b-form of Ni(OH)2 and pure crystalline NiO of as-prepared and thermally dehydrated product, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of thermally dehydrated powder confirm the formation of ultrathin nonporous hexagonal nanosheets of NiO with thickness of the order of 1–3 nm. UV–Visible studies of NiO nanosheets show the enhanced bandgap (3.8 eV) in comparison to its bulk counterparts (3.54 eV). Current–voltage characteristics were carried out to study the response of NiO nanosheets in the ethanol atmosphere. Decrease in electric current is observed at a given applied potential with respect to time of exposure when the nanosheets of NiO are exposed to ethanol vapors confirming its reducing nature. The sensing studies made are only in qualitative mode.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Since decades, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as nanolayers, nanofilms, and nanosheets are of great importance due to their large catalytic activity, high mechanical strength, planar surface, and optical
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04860-z
transparency. 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, metal oxide (ZnO, NiO, TiO2, CuO) thin films, and nanosheets have been exploited for wide variety of applications. Control and manipulation at nanoscale range can lead to the formation of products with high reliability and efficiency.
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
Nanostructured NiO is an important p-type semiconductor material [1, 2] with bandgap range of 3.7 eV–4.0 eV and finds its potential applications in gas sensing [3], batteries [4], fuel cells [5], catalyst [6], antiferromagnetic materials [7], smart windows [8], dye-sensitized solar cells photoanode [9], and super capacitors [10]. So far, many physical and chemical approaches have been developed to fabricate NiO nanostructures of different morphologies, including electrodeposition [11], sol–gel [12], electro
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