Spectral, In Vitro Biological , Engine and Emission Performances of Biodiesel Production from Chlorella protothecoides :
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spectral, In Vitro Biological, Engine and Emission Performances of Biodiesel Production from Chlorella protothecoides: A Sustainable Renewable Energy Source Sundaram Arvindnarayan1 · Sutha Shobana2 · Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja3 · Dinh Duc Nguyen4,5 · Soon Woong Chang5 · A. E. Atabani6 · Gopalakrishnan Kumar7 · Kandasamy K. Sivagnana Prabhu1 Received: 26 February 2018 / Accepted: 16 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract In this research, microalgae species, Chlorella protothecoides was selected for biodiesel production due to its ability to produce large amount of hydrocarbons and oils with high lipid composition. The extracted bio-oil was characterized systematically by proximate, ultimate, spectral (FT-IR, UV–vis., GC–Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) and thermogravimetric (TG/DTA) techniques. The fuel characterization of the bio-oil was evaluated using standard methods. The bio-oil samples were examined for their notable in vitro antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activities. The engine parameters unlike brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency for three fuel samples namely diesel (B100), microalga biodiesel 20% blend (CB20) and microalga biodiesel 50% blend (CB50) along with their emission characteristics towards CO2, NOx, and HCs were measured. Graphic Abstract Chlorella protothecoides micro alga was selected for bio-oil extraction. The bio-oil extracted was characterized by proximate, elemental, spectral and thermogravimetric techniques and their biodiesel potentiality, the fuel properties were evaluated using standard methods, consequently compared to the standards. In addition, the bio-oil samples were tested for their * Gopalakrishnan Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] * Kandasamy K. Sivagnana Prabhu [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajas Engineering College, Raja Nagar, Vadakangulam, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Sree Sowdambika College of Engineering, Aruppukottai, India
4
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
5
Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
6
Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
7
Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The fuel properties show that the microalgae bio-diesel has a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) around –13 °C with 4.5 h oxidation stability. The micro algal oil produces high efficiency (ηbth), low BSFC with lesser CO, (NO)x and hydrocarbons emissions with a single cylinder,
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