Spray-dried chitosan/nanocellulose microparticles: synergistic effects for the sustained release of NPK fertilizer
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spray-dried chitosan/nanocellulose microparticles: synergistic effects for the sustained release of NPK fertilizer Lucas Luiz Messa . Roselena Faez
Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Enhanced efficiency fertilizers help to provide desirable nutrients to plants and release them in a prolonged time. The public concern about environmental protection and efficiency in the use of resources has increased the need to produce ecofriendly and high-performance products. In this work, we report the preparation and properties of the sustained release of spray-dried microparticles based on two biopolymers, chitosan, and nanocellulose. Cellulose rich solid was isolated from waste sugarcane bagasse by chlorine-free alkali peroxide procedure, yielding solids at 45.2%. Nanocellulose with sulfate groups attached on its surface was obtained by acid
L. L. Messa R. Faez (&) Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Federal University of Sa˜o Carlos, UFSCar, Araras, SP 13600970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] L. L. Messa e-mail: [email protected] L. L. Messa R. Faez Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, USP- FZEA, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil R. Faez Lab-MPB - Laborato´rio de Materiais Polime´ricos E Biossorventes, Departamento de Cieˆncias Naturais, Matema´tica e Educac¸a˜o, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos, Rod. Anhanguera, km 174 - SP-330, P.O. BOX 153, Araras, Sa˜o Paulo 13600-970, Brazil
hydrolysis, and then it was incorporated into chitosan (CS) and NPK fertilizer solution, followed by spray drying to yield microparticles. The CS microparticles caused a decrease in the initial release rate of NPK, which resulted in extended-release of the entrapped nutrients (around 2 h). The incorporation of 10 wt.% nanocellulose to microparticles provided the most significant reduction on fertilizer release rate within 5 h. The work demonstrates the potential use of sulfated nanocellulose in biopolymeric matrices to design enhanced fertilizer release systems. Keywords Biopolymers Microencapsulation NPK fertilizer Spray dryer Sugarcane bagasse
Introduction The development of eco-friendly and high-performance products has gained increased attention in current research due to the public concern about environmental protection and efficiency in the use of resources. Several fertilizer systems having of controlled (CRF) or slow (SRF) release properties as well features of biodegradability have been explored and designed from sustainable feedstocks (Patil et al. 2018), polysaccharides (Fertahi et al. 2019; Kusumastuti et al. 2019), and their derivatives (Lubkowski et al. 2019). Commonly, these systems are categorized as
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Cellulose
enhanced-efficiency fertilizer (EEFs) having features that allow to gradually release nutrient and increase their uptake in the soil by plants (Wei et al. 2020). Their use includes benefits like the reduction of nutrient losse
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