Spray-drying-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: a multi-scale characterization
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Spray-drying-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: a multi-scale characterization Sylvain Le Grill1, Jeremy Soulie1, Yannick Coppel2, Pierre Roblin3, Pierre Lecante4, Olivier Marsan1, Ce´dric Charvillat1, Ghislaine Bertrand1, Christian Rey1, and Fabien Brouillet1,*
1
CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP- ENSIACET, Université de Toulouse, 4 allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France LCC, UPR 8241 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France 3 LGC, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne Bâtiment 2R1, Toulouse, France 4 CEMES, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, Toulouse, France 2
Received: 19 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 25 September 2020
Amorphous calcium orthophosphates (ACP) are bioactive compounds presenting high interest as bone substitute. However, the synthesis of such metastable products requires special attention as they can rapidly evolve into a crystalline phase during the elaboration process. The resulting increased stability generally leads to less bioactive reactive materials. Among the various strategies developed to obtain stable form of ACP, the use of spray drying is an effective and reproducible route. Compared to previous works, this study aims to demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of ACP elaboration by spray drying directly from a single solution of selected precursors. Moreover, structuration of the spray-dried powders was determined at different length scales, demonstrating a hierarchical organization from nanometric clusters to particles aggregates. These complementary analyses highlighted a thorough mechanism of particles formation during processing. The effect of the initial composition of the solution was observed, and it was demonstrated that there is a correlation with the purity of the final product that may be modulated. In addition, ACP powders were found to be highly reactive in aqueous medium and their fast transformation into low crystalline apatite suggests a good suitability for biomedical use.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: M. Grant Norton.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05396-7
J Mater Sci
Introduction Amorphous calcium orthophosphates (ACPs) are a family of metastable mineral compounds involved in the formation of several calcium phosphate phases. In particular, they are known as in vitro [1–3] and in vivo [4–6] precursors of apatite like phase, the mineral phase of hard tissues of vertebrates and one of the major orthopedic biomaterials. Due to their high solubility and reactivity, ACPs appear to be promising compounds for resorbable bone substitution/regeneration applications. In addition, some ACPs have even been shown to present a high osteoinductivity [7] favoring bone neo-formation within the implant. ACPs can be used for instance as solid precursors in bone substitute calcium phosphate cements [8, 9] or in dental pastes [10] because of their ability to dissolve and
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