SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers
For medical and health workers this book is a must-have, because statistical methods in these fields are vital, and no equivalent work is available. For medical and health students this is equally true.
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SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers Second Edition
SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers
Ton J. Cleophas • Aeilko H. Zwinderman
SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers Second Edition
Ton J. Cleophas Department Medicine Albert Schweitzer Hospital Dordrecht, The Netherlands European College Pharmaceutical Medicine Lyon, France
Aeilko H. Zwinderman Department Biostatistics Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands European College Pharmaceutical Medicine Lyon, France
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-3-319-20599-1 ISBN 978-3-319-20600-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-20600-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943499 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2009, 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Prefaces to the 1st edition
Part I This small book addresses different kinds of data files, as commonly encountered in clinical research and their data analysis on SPSS software. Some 15 years ago serious statistical analyses were conducted by specialist statisticians using mainframe computers. Nowadays, there is ready access to statistical computing using personal computers or laptops, and this practice has changed boundaries between basic statistical methods that can be conveniently carried out on a pocket calculator and more advanced statistical methods that can only be executed on a computer. Clinical researchers currently perform basic statistics without professional help from a statistician, including t-tests and chi-square tests. With the help of userfriendly software, the step from such basic tests to more complex tests has become smaller and more easy to take. It is our experience as masters’ and doctorate class teachers of the European College of Pharmaceutical Medicine (EC Socrates Project,
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