Stability of volcanic nanoparticles using combined capillary zone electrophoresis and laser diffraction
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Stability of volcanic nanoparticles using combined capillary zone electrophoresis and laser diffraction Mikhail S. Ermolin1,2 · Tatiana G. Dzherayan1 · Natalia G. Vanifatova1 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nanoparticles are a potential source and carrier of nutrients and pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, yet the stability of nanoparticles in environmental conditions is poorly known. Here, we studied volcanic ash nanoparticles by simultaneous application of capillary zone electrophoresis and laser diffraction for determination of size, zeta-potential and long-term aggregation stability. Results show that volcanic ash nanoparticles remained stable for at least 28 days. Stability increases from pH 5.5 to 8.5. Zeta-potentials are − 56 mV at pH 7.2 and − 64 mV at pH 8.5. Findings imply that volcanic ash nanoparticles have a high potential for long-range transport of nutrient and toxic elements in surface waters. Moreover, the developed method allows direct conversion of electropherograms into particle size distributions. Keywords Capillary zone electrophoresis · Nanoparticles · Volcanic ash · Zeta-potential · Size distribution · Long-term stability
Introduction Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment and present in atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems (Buzea et al. 2007; Hochella et al. 2019). According to their source, nanoparticles can be divided into three groups: natural, incidental, and engineered. Currently, engineered nanoparticles are produced in huge amounts for the remediation (Xue et al. 2017; Madima et al. 2020), agriculture (Chhipa 2017; Kaphle et al. 2018), medical (Chamundeeswari et al. 2019; Juthi et al. 2020), and food applications (Kaphle et al. 2018). This inevitably leads to the release of nanoparticles into the environment (Keller and Lazareva 2013). It is estimated that annually 0.3 million metric tons of engineered nanomaterials are released into environment and about 0.07 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01087-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mikhail S. Ermolin [email protected] 1
Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation 119049
2
million metric tons of these materials finally entered aquatic systems (Keller and Lazareva 2013; Hochella et al. 2019). Incidental nanoparticles, which are the byproducts of human activities, e.g., combustion, wear and corrosion processes, can be found in surface waters. The annual flux of airborne incidental nanoparticles can be estimated as 1–10 million metric tons (Hochella et al. 2019). Natural nanoparticles coming from volcanic eruptions, fires, soil weathering, and dust storms surround humanity from time immemorial (Buzea et al.
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