State of the art and practice of seismic-resistant hybrid timber structures
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REVIEW ARTICLE
State of the art and practice of seismic‑resistant hybrid timber structures Patricio Quintana Gallo1 · David M. Carradine2 · Ramiro Bazaez3 Received: 5 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Interest in using timber for construction of multi-storey structures in seismic regions has been gaining significant momentum worldwide in recent years. As it is not common to use timber for constructing multi-storey seismic-resistant structures, engineers face new challenges related to their design and anticipated earthquake performance. To achieve improved behaviour during earthquakes, timber structures are sometimes integrated with seismic systems incorporating other materials, resulting in ‘hybrid timber structures’. This article presents a literature review on the topic, summarizing numerous hybrid timber structures constructed to date and examining the main research contributions in order to establish a background for proposing new timber-based seismic-resistant hybrid systems.
1 Introduction The construction of multi-storey buildings using structural timber products has sharply increased over recent decades around the globe. This increase responds in part to the consideration of environmental and sustainability issues within new construction projects, where timber is considered superior to other materials such as reinforced concrete (RC) and structural steel. Timber grows, gets cut down and is transported to a factory, where it is processed by cutting it and possibly gluing or nailing/screwing, a quite low energy-intensive production process. Concrete and steel, on the other hand, require a much greater amount of energy and resources to go from a natural resource like lime and iron ore to a construction material. In addition, mining, transport, and processing of RC and steel involve several chemicals and waste, which are detrimental to the environment. Timber also stores carbon dioxide (CO2), as processed wood partially retains the CO2 absorbed from the atmosphere by growing trees (Buchanan 2005). On the other hand, more * Patricio Quintana Gallo [email protected] 1
Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Valparaíso, General Cruzz 222, Piso 4, Valparaiso, Chile
2
BRANZ, 1222 Moonshine Rd., Judgeford, Porirua 5018, New Zealand
3
Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile
energy-intensive materials, such as steel and concrete emit great amounts of CO2 during their creation, due to the burning of fossil fuels, which is non-sustainable and environmentally damaging. Regarding pure structural engineering concerns, timber has often been considered a weaker construction material compared to RC and steel, not really suitable for the construction of medium- and high-rise buildings. This might be true for traditional sheathed light timber framing (LTF) panels, where a limited number of storeys seems more realistic. However, it is not correct for processed or ‘mass’ timber pro
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