Structural and optical properties of graphene from green carbon source via thermal chemical vapor deposition
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S.B. Abd Hamid Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
T. Soga Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
Salman A.H. Alrokayan and Haseeb A. Khan Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
M. Rusopb) NANO-SciTech Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; and NANO-ElecTronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (Received 19 January 2016; accepted 3 May 2016)
Graphene is a 2D carbon allotrope that has attracted significant attention because its properties have a wide range of applications. Graphene was deposited on the polycrystalline nickel substrate with a dimension of 0.10 mm 10 mm 10 mm via thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD). The natural carbon source was obtained from a commercial palm oil as a carbon precursor. The D, G, and 2D bands described the vibration of graphitic layer and overtone of the D band at 1352, 1594, and 2716 cm1, respectively. The lowest G band full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 38.7 cm1 at 900 °C deposition temperature. In the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the FWHM of Ni (200) peak was 0.38°. Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, XRD, and field emission scanning electron microscopy characterized the synthesized graphene. Multilayer graphene was successfully synthesized from the palm oil via TCVD.
I. INTRODUCTION
Richard Feynman first discussed the concepts of nanotechnology in 1959 to describe the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms. In 1974, Norio Taniguhi was the first scientist who used the term nanotechnology to describe semiconductor processes. Nanotechnology is an important research field through a conceptual framework for nanotechnology. The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope mainly contributes to the advancement of nanotechnology applications. The discovery of fullerenes by Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl
Contributing Editor: Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.200
is the second major breakthrough that sparked the growth of nanotechnology in 1985. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale and includes advanced current work and concepts. One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 109, of a meter. The US National Nanotechnology Initiatives defines nanoscale as size range from 1 nm to 100 nm. Nanotechnology uses two main approaches, namely, bottom–up and top–down. Any materials or devices that are built from molecular components, which assemble themselves chemically, are called the bottom– up approach. The top–down approach is indica
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