Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Fe-doped CeO 2 samples probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Fe-doped CeO2 samples probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Swati Soni1 · V. S. Vats2 · Sudhish Kumar3 · B. Dalela4 · Monu Mishra5 · R. S. Meena5 · Govind Gupta5 · P. A. Alvi2 · S. Dalela1 Received: 5 January 2018 / Accepted: 5 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The present study reports the effect of Fe-doping on the structural, optical, magnetic and electronic properties of polycrystalline CeO2 (for 5 and 10% doping concentration of Fe-cation) samples synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction method. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns establishes fluorite-type face-centred cubic structure of the eO2 lattice. The UV–Vis–NIR absorpFe-doped CeO2 samples and also confirms successful incorporation of Fe ions in the C tion spectra displays reduce band gap energy with rising fluency of Fe-ions, which confirm red shifts in the Fe-doped CeO2 samples. The electronic structure of the pure C eO2 and Fe-doped C eO2 polycrystalline samples have been investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra of Ce 3d reveals the reduction of C e4+ to C e3+ states Fe-doped CeO2 samples, which are well supported by the Fe 2p and O 1s spectra. Pure polycrystalline C eO2 displays diamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. Interestingly, 5% Fe-doped CeO2 sample displays S-shape hysteresis loop and establishes room temperature ferromagnetism, whereas, 10% Fe-doped C eO2 sample shows weak ferromagnetic behaviour. A decrement is observed in the magnetization on increasing the doping concentration. The possible reason for ferromagnetism in the Fe-doped CeO2 samples may be incorporation of oxygen vacancies, which are further discussed using F-centre exchange mechanism and double exchange interaction. These experimental findings offer potential opportunities for spintronics and optoelectronics applications by integrating them into device structures and evaluating their performance as a function of their material properties.
1 Introduction Intense research investigations on the ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are being pursued due to their potential applications in the field of spintronics, magneto-optoelectronic devices and magnetic sensors [1, 2]. Basically, DMS are non-magnetic semiconductors
* S. Dalela [email protected] 1
Department of Pure & Applied Physics, University of Kota, Kota 324005, India
2
Department of Physics, Banasthali University, Newai, India
3
Department of Physics, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313002, India
4
Department of Physics, Govt. Khetan Polytechnic College, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur, India
5
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
but can display room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) when doped with small percentages of magnetic elements such as transition metals (TM). These metals can be easily integrated with existing semiconductors, maki
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