Suitability of Nansha Mangrove Wetland for High Nitrogen Shrimp Pond Wastewater Treatment
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Suitability of Nansha Mangrove Wetland for High Nitrogen Shrimp Pond Wastewater Treatment Dan Wang1 · Xianming Xie2 · Weiyi Tang1 · Hongzhong Pan1 · Jie Luo1 Received: 4 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To investigate mangroves of different land use types in Nansha county, China, we analyzed the corresponding N2O and CH4 emissions, water temperature, salinity, acidity and alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, and organic matter at five sites. The removal rates of NO2−, NO3−, and NH4+ in mangrove wetlands were 43.6%, 2O emissions of mangrove affected by shrimp ponds are 2–3 times and 3–9 times more 41.2%, and 65.0%; however, C H4 and N high than other wetlands. These results showed that, although mangrove wetlands can significantly reduce N, P, and other nutrient elements in shrimp pond wastewater, they can also significantly increase N2O and CH4 emissions. This indicates that mangrove wetlands should be used with caution for the treatment of shrimp pond wastewater. Keywords Greenhouse gas · Mangroves · Shrimp pond wastewater · Economic benefits The natural environment of mangroves is dynamic, with the salinity, water temperature, redox conditions, and nutrient input of the surrounding environment changing with the tide and seasons. Previous studies have shown that the substrate of mangrove wetlands may be a valuable source of greenhouse gases (Dalal and Allen 2008). Although the atmospheric concentrations of N 2O and C H4 are lower than that of CO2, the global warming potentials of N2O and CH4 are 296-times and 23-times greater than that of CO2, respectively (IPCC 2001). Previous studies on greenhouse gases, including N2O and C H4, have primarily focused on terrestrial environments, whereas investigations of the intertidal zone have rarely been reported. Additionally, research on the contribution of mangroves to greenhouse gases is sparse. Like other coastal cities and regions, Nansha county in China has also been attempting to use the mangrove–shrimp pond symbiosis model to treat shrimp pond wastewater (Tran et al. 2014). However, previous studies on this symbiosis model largely focused on the benefits, and really did not consider any disadvantages. The pollutants in shrimp
* Jie Luo [email protected] 1
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, China
2
pond effluent mainly come from feed residues and the excrement of the cultured shrimp. Such effluent is enriched in suspended solids, organic matter, and nutrients, with concentrations depending on the management and intensity of shrimp ponds (Páez-Osuna 2001; Cardoso-Mohedano et al. 2018). It is evident that the degree of intensification generates an increased waste load. In particular, NH4+ and NO2− are the main toxic substances that are generated during the last stage of the culture cycle. If they are not removed, they c
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