Suitable unialgal strains of Gracilariopsis chorda and Gracilaria vermiculophylla for hemagglutinin production
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Suitable unialgal strains of Gracilariopsis chorda and Gracilaria vermiculophylla for hemagglutinin production Hirotaka Kakita 1 & Naoki Yanaoka 1 & Hideki Obika 2 Received: 28 July 2019 / Revised and accepted: 15 December 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The selection of unialgal culture strains suitable as sources of algal hemagglutinins is one of the important factors for success in algal component production. To obtain suitable unialgal culture strains, several Gracilariopsis chorda and Gracilaria vermiculophylla strains were surveyed for hemagglutinating activity, relative growth rates, and fertility difficulty. Fertile tetrasporophyte samples of naturally occurring G. chorda and G. vermiculophylla were collected at each of three different collection sites around Shikoku Island in southwest Japan. Unialgal culture strains were started from isolated tetraspores obtained from each naturally occurring plant. The hemagglutinating activities in algal extracts of the three G. chorda strains (3100– 7000 units mg−1) were higher than those of the three G. vermiculophylla strains (920–980 units mg−1). The daily growth rates of the G. chorda strains (8.0–13.8% day−1 at 22 °C) were higher than those of the G. vermiculophylla strains (4.1–4.4% day−1 at 22 °C). Among the unialgal culture strains tested, the one started from isolated tetraspores from G. chorda growing in the Katsuura River had the highest hemagglutinating activity and relative growth rate. This strain also did not become fertile even after a period of 3 years of culture with aeration at 22 °C, in a 14-h light–10-h dark cycle at 60 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Thus, the unialgal culture strain started from isolated tetraspores from G. chorda growing in the Katsuura River seems to be a useful source for hemagglutinin production. Keywords Biological production . Gracilaria . Gracilariopsis . Rhodophyta . Growth rate . Culture
Introduction Research on the biologically active components in macroalgae is one of the driving forces for the development of the seaweed industry. Macroalgae have been utilized as food, fertilizer, and medicine from early times. Global utilization of macroalgae is a multi-billion dollar industry. However, much of this is based on the farming of edible species or on the production of agar, carrageenan, and alginate. Macroalgal resources have not yet been fully exploited. However, in the last three decades, the discovery of biologically active metabolites in macroalgae has
* Hirotaka Kakita [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajyosui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-0042, Japan
2
Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hayashi, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
increased significantly (e.g., sulfated polysaccharides, halogenated furanones, kahalalide F, macroalgal hemagglutinins, fucoidans, kainoids, aplysiatoxins) (Smit 2004; Falkenberg et al. 2019). Also, some macroalgae can produce
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