The Effect of Aeration for 6-Pentyl-alpha-pyrone, Conidia and Lytic Enzymes Production by Trichoderma asperellum Strains
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Effect of Aeration for 6‑Pentyl‑alpha‑pyrone, Conidia and Lytic Enzymes Production by Trichoderma asperellum Strains Grown in Solid‑State Fermentation Rayhane Hamrouni1,3 · Josiane Molinet1 · Nathalie Dupuy1 · Nadira Taieb1 · Quentin Carboue1 · Ahmed Masmoudi2 · Sevastianos Roussos1 Received: 16 April 2019 / Accepted: 4 September 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract In recent years, the production of biopesticides has gained great attention in the scientific word because it is an important alternative to replace the much debated chemical pesticides used on the field crops. Fungal lytic enzymes, conidia and secondary metabolites like 6 pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP) play a very important role in the biological control of pests. On the present study, the influence of application of air through a solid-state fermentation using three Trichoderma asperellum strains to produce conidia, 6-PP and essential enzymes were evaluated. A mix of vine shoots, potatoes flour, jatropha, olive pomace and olive oil as substrates was used. T. asperellum TV104 showed the best 6-PP production (3.06 ± 0.15 mg g DM−1), cellulases activities (34.3 ± 0.4 U g−1), and amylase activity (46.3 ± 0.6 U g−1) however, T. asperellum TF1 produced the higher levels of lipase (30.6 ± 0.3 U g−1), under air conditions. The production of these same enzymes was less efficient without the application of forced aeration. The forced aeration increased the conidia production, the best value was observed with T. asperellum TF1 (2.23 ± 0.07 × 109 g DM−1). Graphic Abstract
Keywords Trichoderma asperellum · Biological control · Solid-state fermentation · Enzymes · 6-Pentyl-alpha-pyrone Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Statement of Novelty Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus considered a biocontrol agent, it has been a very important model for study because of its mechanisms of action; nutrients and space competence, antibiotics production and lytic enzymes production. Solid state fermentation allows the valorization of agroindustrial wastes having an impact on the worldwide ecology. This production system has the potential to produce value-added products such as antibiotics, pigments, aromas and enzymes of industrial interest like cellulases, chitinases, amylases, etc., On the present study, the application of forced aeration through a solid-state fermentation using three Trichoderma asperellum strains is evaluated to produce 6-PP, conidia and essential enzymes. A mix of agroindustrial byproducts like vine shoots, jatropha, potatoes flour, olive pomace and olive oil is used as substrate, which offer economic advantages in the fermentation process.
Introduction In recent years, biopesticides are recognized as a viable alternative to control pests and as a possible substitute for the traditional chemical used [1, 2]. Already, it exists a high number of studies focused on the selection of microorganisms to inhibit and even kill pests, the evaluation of effectiveness against pests, the me
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