Swimming pool heating technology: A state-of-the-art review
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Swimming pool heating technology: A state-of-the-art review Yantong Li1,2 (), Natasa Nord2, Gongsheng Huang1, Xin Li1
Abstract
Keywords
A large amount of heat is needed to maintain the thermal comfort of both indoor and outdoor swimming pools in cold seasons. This motivates the development of various heating technologies aiming to reduce energy use, as well as operating and investment costs. Although their development can be traced back to the 1960s, a comprehensive review of these technologies is lacking. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of heating technologies for swimming pools. This review firstly introduces available heat transfer models that can be used to calculate or predict heat loss and heat gain for swimming pools. Then, different passive and active technologies are summarized. The active heating technologies used for indoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, waste heat recovery, geothermal energy, and congregation technologies. The active heating technologies used for outdoor swimming pools include solar collector, heat pump, PCM storage, geothermal energy, biomass heater, and waste heat recovery technologies. A discussion is presented on the practical and possible heating techniques for swimming pool applications. Finally, through the reviewed literature, future research opportunities are identified, to guide researchers to investigate swimming pool heating systems with suitable and relevant technologies.
swimming pool,
1
Introduction
E-mail: [email protected]
heating supply, solar energy, heat pump, phase change material
Article History Received: 15 January 2020 Revised: 11 May 2020 Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Author(s) 2020
2030 (EU 2020), and for the share of renewable energy to be increased to at least 32% from 2021 to 2030 (EU 2020). In addition, by 2030, greenhouse gas emissions will be cut by at least 40% from the 1990 levels (EU 2020). In their “Renewable Energy Law”, the Chinese government has proposed increasing the contribution of renewable energies in electricity generation to 22.16% (Sakah et al. 2017). Furthermore, in their 2020 project, the Korean government has enacted the goal of increasing renewable energies’ contribution to more than 20% of the total amount by 2030 (Kim et al. 2018). Energy use in buildings comprises around 30% to 40% of the total worldwide energy use (Berardi and Soudian 2018; Hong et al. 2018; Uribe et al. 2018). Sports facilities are one of the categories of buildings with the largest energy demand. Compared with other sports facilities, swimming pools have higher energy demand for pool water heating, ventilation, spacing heating, and operation of circulation pumps (Kampel et al. 2013). The annual energy use of a swimming pool facility varies from 600 kWh/m2 to 6,000 kWh/m2, related to the
Building Systems and Components
Energy is a basic requirement of modern life (Xie et al. 2018; Li et al. 2020c) and also the precondition for the development of industries in many respects, including agriculture,
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