Temporal Expression Pattern of Bolting-Related Genes During Vernalization in Sugar Beet
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Temporal Expression Pattern of Bolting-Related Genes During Vernalization in Sugar Beet Zhi Pi1,2
•
Wang Xing1,2 • Xiangming Zhu3 • Jiali Long2,4 • Yi Zou1,2 • Zedong Wu1,2
Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract To screen candidate marker genes implicated in vernalization, bolting-related agronomic traits and the expression of genes homologous to the bolting and flowering-related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in KWS9147 during 16-week (w) chilling. Boltingrelated agronomic traits showed that less than 10-w chilling was not sufficient for bolting. A transitional period was determined between 10 and 14 weeks when vernalization time was enough for bolting in some seedlings. After 14-w chilling, nearly all seedlings were well vernalized. At the transcriptional level, the expression of 19 candidate genes was significantly changed in response to chilling (change fold [ 2 and P value \ 0.05). In particular, three genes (BvGI, BvBTC1 and BvFVE1) were notable, as their expression continuously increased or decreased during 8–16-w chilling, when BI and BD were significantly changed. On the basis of correlation analysis, a co-expression network containing two modules was constructed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00886-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Zedong Wu [email protected] 1
College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
2
Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
3
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
4
College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China
BvGI, BvBTC1 and BvFVE1 were located at the centre of the first module, which co-expressed with the other 3 photoperiodic genes. In the second module, BvFT1 and BvFT2 were associated with BvLHY, BvGATA22 and BvFVE2. Our study on the temporal expression pattern of bolting and flowering-related genes during vernalization provides valuable information for preliminary screening of key regulators and may facilitate the future molecular breeding of vernalization-insensitive varieties. Keywords Vernalization Sugar beet Expression pattern Bolting
Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a member of Amaranthaceae, is a domesticated biennial sugar crop. The yield and sugar degree of sugar beets strongly depend on root expansion and sugar accumulation during vegetative growth (Milford 2006). In contrast, accumulated sugar is rapidly exhausted for bolting, flowering and fruiting during reproductive growth. The developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in sugar beet is drastically determined by chilling exposure. Without sufficient vernalization, sugar beets will maintai
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