The acidophilic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis and atorvastatin equally improve antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic
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The acidophilic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis and atorvastatin equally improve antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic protective effects on rats fed on high-fat diets Francisco Navarro 1 & Alberto Toimil 1 & Sara Ramírez 2 & Yina Montero 3 & Juan Luis Fuentes 4 & Javier S. Perona 5 & Miguel Ángel Castaño 6 & Rosario Pásaro 7 & José M. Vega 8 & Carlos Vílchez 4 Received: 19 February 2020 / Revised and accepted: 23 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Biomass of the acidophilic green alga Coccomyxa onubensis may be used as a food source for animals without collateral toxic effects, as diet supplemented the microalga has significant hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects on healthy animals. Rats were fed for 108 days with a high-fat diet, and at the end of the experiment, they were overweight and had significantly increased serum levels of glucose (2.0-fold), total cholesterol (1.6-fold), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (7.7fold). The supplement of C. onubensis powder (6.25% w/w dry weight) in the high-fat diet significantly protected the rats against cardiovascular risks by reducing the serum levels of glucose (38.47%), total cholesterol (22.65%), and LDL-cholesterol (26.70%). The protective effects of the microalga were comparable with that of 10 mg/kg body weight per day of atorvastatin. The high-fat diet decreased both ω–3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the brain tissue of rats; however, C. onubensis powder could not restrict these changes. Simultaneously, the high-fat diet increased the levels of both palmitic and arachidonic (ω–6) acids in the telencephalon tissue of rats; this was prevented when microalga biomass was used in the diet of rats.
Keywords Atorvastatin . Coccomyxa onubensis . Chlorophyceae . Polyunsaturated fatty acids . Hypercholesterolemia . Hyperglycemia . Rat metabolic syndrome
* Francisco Navarro [email protected]
1
Department of Integrated Sciences, Cell Biology, RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
Sara Ramírez [email protected]
2
Department of Chemistry, RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
Yina Montero [email protected]
3
Javier S. Perona [email protected]
Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
4
Miguel Ángel Castaño [email protected]
Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA, RENSMA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
5
Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
6
Hospital of Huelva Infanta Elena, Huelva, Spain
José M. Vega [email protected]
7
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Carlos Vílchez [email protected]
8
Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Rosario Pásaro [email protected]
J Appl Phyc
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