The diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary isolates from western Poland
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary isolates from western Poland Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas 1 & Zbigniew Weber 2 & Marcin Matuszczak 1 & Jan Bocianowski 3 & Grzegorz Budzianowski 4 & Michał Stefanowicz 4 & Michał Starzycki 1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is one of the most dangerous pathogens of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Rape plants are infested most often in spring during the flowering phase. The aggressive nature of this fungus as well as its pathogenicity is attributed to its mycotoxin, particularly oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is responsible for the development of acid environment in the plant which triggers off activity of hydrolytic enzymes. The developing crystals of calcium oxalate contribute to destabilisation of pectin compounds found in the cell wall. Moreover, oxalic acid also acts as a suppressor of reactive oxygen forms (H2O2). In this study isolates of the S. sclerotiorum were collected in the years 2012–2014 from three different locations. Collective of isolates described as populations. Two hundred twenty eight (228) isolates of S. sclerotiorum were characterized by evaluation of the total amount of acids produced by the pathogen and at molecular level using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Statistical differences were found in acids production by particular S. sclerotiorum isolates collected in the years 2012–2014. Moreover, a relationship was found between acids production and the rate of linear mycelium growth. High similarity between pathogen isolates from the same locality was found using RAPD analysis with twelve primers and small genetic differences between pathogen isolates depending on the place of origin. Keywords AMOVA . Oxalic acid . RAPD . Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Introduction Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a fungal pathogen observed worldwide. The fungus infects 408 species from 75 families of dicotyledonous plants (Bolland and Hall 1994). S. sclerotiorum in winter oilseed rape crops causes a disease called stem rot and contributes to significant crop losses.
* Michał Starzycki [email protected] 1
Department of Oil Plants, The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institut (IHAR-PIB), Strzeszyńska 36, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
2
Department of Phytopathology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-549 Poznań, Poland
3
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego, 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
4
Plant Breeding Strzelce Ltd., Co., IHAR-PIB Group, Małyszyn Branch, Myśliborska, 81 66-400, Gorzów Wlkp, Poland
Seeds from infested plants are small, poorly developed, so called offal (Kruger 1973; Morrall et al. 1976). Yield losses on unprotected oilseed rape plantations in the years favorable for the development of S. sclerotiorum may reach up to 70% (Korbas et al. 2015). Symptoms of stem rot on oilseed rape are most commonly
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