Diversity in Production of Xylan-Degrading Enzymes Among Species Belonging to the Trichoderma Section Longibrachiatum
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Diversity in Production of Xylan-Degrading Enzymes Among Species Belonging to the Trichoderma Section Longibrachiatum Karolina Toth & Martine P. Van Gool & Henk A. Schols & Gary J. Samuels & Harry Gruppen & George Szakacs Published online: 7 December 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Xylan is an important part of plant biomass and represents a renewable raw material for biorefineries. Contrary to cellulose, the structure of hemicellulose is quite complex. Therefore, the biodegradation of xylan needs the cooperation of many enzymes. For industrial production of xylanase multienzyme complexes (cocktails) and selected monocomponent xylanases, different Trichoderma reesei mutants and recombinants are used. T. reesei QM 6a (wild-type parent of best existing mutants) was selected as a starting material in the 1960s when the modern in-depth analytical methods were not yet in use. Therefore, screening of fungi genetically close to T. reesei in biodegradation of xylan may have a scientific value. Fifteen different strains from Trichoderma section Longibrachiatum have been tested for extracellular xylan-degrading enzyme production on three carbon sources (wheat straw, corn fiber, and eucalyptus wood) in shake flask cultivation. The enzyme activities were evaluated by traditional colorimetric enzyme assays and by HPLC and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Degradation of xylan was studied on four different xylan-rich model substrates. T. reesei CPK 155, Trichoderma parareesei TUB F-2535, and Trichoderma gracile TUB F-2543 isolates were equally K. Toth : G. Szakacs (*) Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary e-mail: [email protected] M. P. Van Gool : H. A. Schols : H. Gruppen Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands G. J. Samuels Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
good or better in degradation of the wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and corn fiber alcohol insoluble solids as hydolysis substrates than the well-known T. reesei QM 6a and RUT C30 strains. Though Trichoderma saturnisporum ATCC 18903 gave relatively low volumetric enzyme activities by traditional colorimetric assays, it could release quite large amount of hydrolysis products (mono- and oligosaccharides) from WAX. Therefore, these fungi may be potential candidates for further experiments. Enzyme production on wheat straw and corn fiber carbon sources was more effective than on eucalyptus wood. Keywords Xylan . Hemicellulase . Biorefineries . Lignocellulosic biomass . Trichoderma
Introduction Development of biomaterials and sustainable energy systems based on renewable biomass feedstocks (“biorefineries”) is a global effort nowadays [1–5]. Lignocellulosic biomass contains polymers of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, bound together in a complex structure. Cellulos
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