The effect of non-growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
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REVIEW PAPER
The effect of non-growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Xiujie Zhang · Yumin Zhang · Zhiqiang Wang · Qijia Li · Baoxing Li
Received: 29 June 2013 / Accepted: 9 October 2013 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro usually requires the presence of growth factors in the culture condition. But many cost-effect methods can successfully fulfill this without addition of these cytokines. This article focuses upon the effect of non-growth factors on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the concise introduction of the potential mechanism of these methods. Keywords Non-growth factors · Chondrogenesis · Mesenchymal stem cells
Introduction Articular cartilage is an avascular, hypocellular tissue that has a limited capacity for self-repair. Regeneration
Y. Zhang · B. Li (&) China Institute for Radiation Protection, Shanxi Provincial Tissue Bank, Taiyuan 030006, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Zhang Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Z. Wang Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, China Q. Li Hebei United University, Tangshan, China
of articular hyaline cartilage is a major clinical challenge for orthopedist and researcher (Hunziker 2002). Most recent studies have focused on the development of new techniques, such as implantation of articular chondrocytes (ACs) and tissue-engineered constructs to improve cartilage restoration. As we know, the lack of autologous chondrocytes and complications which arise when harvesting them is attempted have made mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) a superior candidate for cartilage regeneration due to their chondrogenic potential. As MSCs also possess osteogenic ability, it is important to induce the chondrogenic state of MSCs for the construction of chondral engineering. This is especially true when they were implanted in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely distributed in a variety of adult tissues and usually harvested from bone marrow or adipose tissue. Although subsequent expansion is not complicated, effective as well as optimal chondrogenesis requires the presence of growth factors where even two kinds of cytokines are often adopted (Freyria and Mallein-Gerin 2012; Shintani et al. 2013; Rui et al. 2010; Patil et al. 2012). However, the expensive cost and potential disadvantages of these cytokines, such as safety or side effect, are still worth considering. Therefore, to look for a costeffect and optimized method without using of growth factors for MSCs chondrogenesis is promising. In recent years, many researchers have worked to seek the best way to solve this challenge. Table 1 summarizes the major findings of researches that used non-growth
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Equine BMSCs
Bovine BMSCs
Human BMSCs
Human BMSCs
Kisiday et al. (2009)
Mouw et al. (2007)
Li et al. (2009a)
Scha¨tti et al. (2011)
Human ADSCs
Human BMSCs
Pelaez et al. (2009)
Chen et al. (2013)
Rabbit BMSC
Huang et al. (2004)
Rabbit MSCs
H
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