The GC2 haplotype of the vitamin D binding protein is a risk factor for a low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration i
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RESEARCH
Open Access
The GC2 haplotype of the vitamin D binding protein is a risk factor for a low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in a Han Chinese population Ji-Chang Zhou1,2* , Yumei Zhu1, Chunmei Gong1, Xiongshun Liang1, Xiaoying Zhou1, Yuanfei Xu1, Deliang Lyu1, Junluan Mo1, Jian Xu1, Jinping Song1, Xiaoling Che1, Shiqiang Sun3, Changhua Huang3 and Xiao-Li Liu1*
Abstract Background: The GC haplotype of the vitamin D binding protein (encoded by the GC gene) might be a risk factor to the vitamin D (VD) nutritional status for many populations, while evidences from the Chinese Han population are sparse. We test the association between vitamin D binding protein genotypes and VD status as well as the metabolic parameters of glucose and lipids in a Han Chinese population. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at a health examination centre (registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as QLS2013), 2641 adults were included and grouped according to their plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations as VD deficient (VDD), insufficient (VDI), or sufficient (VDS). The rs7041 and rs4588 genotypes were analysed with a molecular beacon-based qPCR method using blood samples. Results: Plasma 25OHD concentrations were lower in the GC2/2, rs7041T/T, and rs4588A/A genotypes than the GC1f/1s, rs7041G/T, and rs4588C/C genotypes (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the GC2 haplotype increased the risk of low VD status (P < 0.05) in both genders. More genotypic models revealed the negative contributions of rs4588A than rs7041T to low VD status (P < 0.05). The combined rates of VDD and VDI were 80.2% in males and 86.1% in females. Compared with VDI, VDS, or both, VDD showed higher plasma concentrations of fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in males (P < 0.05); however, no significant differences were found with regard to these parameters between the subgroups defined by the GC genotypes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In a Han Chinese population, the GC2 haplotype or more exactly rs4588A is a risk factor for low VD status but is not associated with glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, which are inversely correlated with the circulating 25OHD concentration in males. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered in January 2018 as NCT03406234 in the ClinicalTrials.gov online system. Keywords: Vitamin D binding protein, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Glucose, Lipids, Han Chinese
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Shenzhen Centre for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you
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