The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease Cushin
Cushing´s syndrome is a rare disorder that is associated with many co-morbidities such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and psychiatric disease, all of which severely reduce quality of life and life expectancy. T
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The Hypothalamic – Pituitary – Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome and Beyond
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The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease
Eliza B. Geer Editor
The Hypothalamic-PituitaryAdrenal Axis in Health and Disease Cushing’s Syndrome and Beyond
Editor Eliza B. Geer Division of Endocrinology Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-45948-6 ISBN 978-3-319-45950-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45950-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955864 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
Part I Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation of the Body, Brain, and Inflammation Glucocorticoid Regulation of Body Composition and Metabolism............. 3 Alexandria Atuahene Opata, Khadeen C. Cheesman, and Eliza B. Geer Glucocorticoid Regulation of Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Function...................................................................... 27 Alberto M. Pereira and Onno C. Meijer Glucocorticoids: Inflammation and Immunity............................................. 43 Maria G. Petrillo, Carl D. Bortner, and John A. Cidlowski Part II Cushing’s Syndrome Molecular Pathogenesis of Primary Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome............ 67 Nada El Ghorayeb, Isabelle Bourdeau, and André Lacroix Pathogenesis and Treatment of Aggressive Corticotroph Pituitary Tumors.............................................................................................. 93 Yang Shen and Anthony P. Heaney Neoplastic/Pathological and Nonneoplastic/Physiological Hypercortisolism: Cushing Versus Pseudo-Cushing Syndromes................ 111 James W. Findling and Hershel Raff I
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