The influence on carbon, nitrogen recycling, and greenhouse gas emissions under different C/N ratios by black soldier fl
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The influence on carbon, nitrogen recycling, and greenhouse gas emissions under different C/N ratios by black soldier fly Wancheng Pang 1 & Dejia Hou 1,2 & Elhosseny E. Nowar 3 & Huanchun Chen 1 & Jibin Zhang 1 & Guoping Zhang 4 & Qing Li 1 & Shucai Wang 2 Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Currently, sustainable utilization, including recycling and valorization, is becoming increasingly popular in waste management. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from organic waste into biomass and improve properties of the substrate to reduce greenhouse gas and NH3 emissions. In this study, the recycling of C and N and the emissions of greenhouse gas and NH3 during BSFL bio-treatment of mixtures of pig manure and corncob were investigated under different C/N ratios. The results indicated that initial C/N ratios of feedstock are a crucial parameter affecting the biomass generation of larvae. The BSFL recycled approximately 4.17–6.61% of C and 17.45–23.73% of N from raw materials under different C/N ratios. Cumulative CO2, CH4, NH3, and N2O emissions at the different C/N ratios ranging from 15 to 35 were 107.92–151.68, 0.08–0.76, 0.14–1.17, and 0.91–1.18 mg kg−1, respectively. Compared with conventional composting, BSFL treatment could reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions by over 90%. The study showed that bio-treatment of mixtures of pig manure and corncob with a proper C/N ratio by BSFL could become an avenue to achieve higher nutrient recycling, which is an eco-friendly process. Keywords Bio-waste . Hermetia illucens . Bioconversion feedstock . Recycle . Piggery manure . Corncob
Introduction Currently, the intensification of crop and livestock production has generated substantial levels of agricultural waste (Chang et al. 2019). Mismanagement of these bio-wastes might bring about many environmental challenges, such as odor nuisance, spreading of diseases, and air and groundwater pollution Wancheng Pang and Dejia Hou contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu * Qing Li [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2
College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
3
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Kaluybia 13736, Egypt
4
College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
(Rehman et al. 2017a). In environmental management, composting is one of the most proper technologies for controlling livestock manure and crop residue, and it can diminish the volume and mass of bio-waste, destroy the weed seeds, as well as produce soil-amendment materials (Jiang et al. 2011; Peng et al. 2019). In China, it is reported that pig manure production had increased to about 490 million tons, and the t
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