The invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata causes taxonomic and functional homogenization of associated Chironomidae
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RESEARCH PAPER
The invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata causes taxonomic and functional homogenization of associated Chironomidae community Camila Gentilin‑Avanci1 · Gisele D. Pinha2 · Danielle K. Petsch2 · Roger P. Mormul3 · Sidinei M. Thomaz3 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © The Japanese Society of Limnology 2020
Abstract Exotic species have invaded freshwater ecosystems, causing biodiversity loss of associated communities. We investigated the influence of the invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata on taxonomic and functional richness, and on taxonomic and functional beta diversity of associated Chironomidae community, comparing this macrophyte with the structurally similar native macrophyte, Egeria najas. We conducted a field experiment where the native and invasive plants were kept side-byside and colonized by invertebrates. We used accumulation curves to test if richness differed between macrophytes. We used multivariate dispersion to investigate whether taxonomic and functional composition differed between both macrophytes and to test if beta diversity was higher among individuals of the native than among individuals of the invasive macrophytes. We measured beta diversity values as an average distance of the compositions to the centroid in a multidimensional space (taxonomic and functional) given by a Principal Coordinates Analysis. We found similar taxonomic richness and similar taxonomic and functional Chironomidae composition between macrophytes. However, functional richness as well as taxonomic and functional beta diversity of Chironomidae were higher among the native than among the invasive macrophytes. Thus, although H. verticillata did not cause changes neither in Chironomidae taxonomic richness nor on taxonomic and functional composition, its spread may drive the simplification of species and functional traits of associated Chironomidae communities. Keywords Beta diversity · Dissimilarity · Functional diversity · Associated invertebrates
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-020-00641-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Handling Editor: Hiromi Uno. * Camila Gentilin‑Avanci [email protected] 1
Programa de Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR CEP: 87020‑900, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós‑Graduação Em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR CEP: 87020‑900, Brazil
3
Universidade Estadual de Maringá/DBI/NUPELIA/PEA, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR CEP: 87020‑900, Brazil
Freshwater ecosystems are the most invaded habitats (Ricciardi and Kipp 2008). Such ecosystems have been colonized by many non-native macrophyte species that may change the habitat structure, influence ecosystem processes, affect the structure and dynamics of communities, and promote biodiversity losses (Cox 1999; Jenkins 2003; Hussner et al. 2010; Th
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