Assessment of cobalt accumulation effect on growth and antioxidant responses in aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Assessment of cobalt accumulation effect on growth and antioxidant responses in aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Arun Sridhar 1 & Parvez Ahmed Khader 2 & Thirumurugan Ramasamy 1 Received: 29 August 2019 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Cobalt is an essential trace metal and plays a pivotal role in the growth of all living organisms. The exposure of cobalt in the aquatic environment is ubiquitous via both natural and anthropogenic activities. The present study was carried out to investigate the accumulation response of macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle towards the cobalt exposure at different concentrations (1, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM) for seven days. The results showed that the cobalt accumulation increased in treated H. verticillata (L.f.) Royle with increase in concentration. The Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values were high in plants exposed to higher concentration of cobalt. Increase in growth (shoot length) and pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll) were detected at 25 µM cobalt concentration, whereas the growth and pigments were declined in 50, 75 and 100 µM. There was no significant difference in the carotenoid content between control and treated plant. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) were increased at higher concentrations of cobalt. The results indicated that the decline in growth and pigments, and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, were triggered by the accumulation of cobalt in the plant. These observations suggest that H. verticillata (L.f.) Royle is well equipped to accumulate low concentration of cobalt in tissues to increase its growth and detoxify ROS generation. The BCF results indicate the efficiency of using H. verticillata (L.f.) Royle as a phytostabilizer. Keywords Cobalt . Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle . Antioxidant enzymes . Bioconcentration factor
Introduction Trace metal contamination in the aquatic environment is a major environmental threat, which affects the aquatic ecosystems, agriculture and human health (Sasmaz et al. 2008). Even though the impacts of trace metals on health-related issues are known, the exposure of trace metals is continuing because of its use in many areas (Jarup 2003). Essential trace metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are vital for growth at trace amount and act as cofactors for enzymes but toxic at elevated levels (Gadd
* Thirumurugan Ramasamy [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
2
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
and Griffiths 1977; Reed and Gadd 1989). Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), plutonium (Pu), tungsten (W), and vanadium (V) are non-essential trace metals and
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