The neuroprotective effect of betanin in trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The neuroprotective effect of betanin in trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in mice Wachiryah Thong-asa 1
&
Supakorn Prasartsri 1 & Nattakan Klomkleaw 1 & Nutnicha Thongwan 1
Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Betanin, a natural food colorant with powerful antioxidative properties, has not been studied in terms of neurodegenerative disease intervention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of betanin against trimethyltin chloride (TMT) -induced neurodegeneration in mice. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-veh, TMT-veh, TMT-Bet50 and TMT-Bet100. In the TMT groups, neurodegeneration was induced with a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 2.6 mg/kg TMT. Betanin-treated groups (Bet) were given oral doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg dissolved in normal saline solution. Administrations were started 24 h prior to TMT injection and continued for 2 weeks. Anxious behavior and spatial cognition were evaluated, respectively. After behavioral tests, brain oxidative status, hippocampal histology and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity were evaluated. Results showed that TMT significant induce anxious behavior and spatial learning and memory deficits (p < 0.05). These were found concurrently with significant decreases in CA1 ChAT activity, brain tissue catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with significant increase in hippocampal CA1 degeneration (p < 0.05). Betanin 100 mg/kg exhibited significant anxiolytic effect, preventive effect on CA1 degeneration and CA1 ChAT activity alteration as well as improvement of spatial learning and memory deficits (p < 0.05). These were found concurrently with significant increases of reduced glutathione, CAT and SOD activities as well as the decrease in malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). We conclude that betanin 100 mg/kg exhibits neuroprotective effects against TMT-induced neurodegeneration in mice via its anti-oxidative properties, protective against hippocampal CA1 degeneration and ChAT activity alteration. Therefore, betanin is interesting in further neurodegenerative therapeutic study and applications. Keywords Anxiety . Betanin . Hippocampus . Neuroprotection . Spatial memory . Trimethyltin
Introduction Betanin, a red-violet betacyanin, has been used as red colorant in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It can be found in plants, such as red beets, Swiss chard and cactus pears (Esatbeyoglu et al. 2014). As a powerful antioxidant, it has been used to prevent lipid oxidation in food containing fat, especially meats, to extend shelf life and undesirable secondary metabolites (Vieira Teixeira da Silva et al. 2019). Besides food colorants and preservation, betanin has a variety of health benefits. It has been reported to a meliorate th e * Wachiryah Thong-asa [email protected] 1
Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit (ATPSRU), Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Fa
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