The Role of Fumonisins in the Biological Interaction between Fusarium verticillioides and Sitophilus zeamais
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The Role of Fumonisins in the Biological Interaction between Fusarium verticillioides and Sitophilus zeamais V. L. Usseglio 1,2 & J. S. Dambolena 1,2
&
M. J. Martinez 3 & M. P. Zunino 1,2
Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the entomopathogenic capacity of the mold Fusarium verticillioides and the effect of its mycotoxins fumonisins, on the grain beetle Sitophilus zeamais. We evaluated the capacity of this fungus to infect live insects, the antifungal activity of constituents of the insect’s epicuticle, and the effect of a fumonisin extract on the fitness of the insects. We found that F. verticillioides could not penetrate the cuticle of S. zeamais and that the fumonisin extract had no negative effects on the fitness of the insects. However, the progeny of the insects increased, and the fumonisin extract had repellent effects. This is the first report about the effects of fumonisins on the relationship between F. verticillioides and S. zeamais, which may provide useful information about interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and insects, especially on stored product pests. Keywords Fusarium verticillioides . Sitophilus zeamais . Fumonisins . Biological interaction . Integrated pest management
Introduction Maize (Zea mays), one of the most cultivated cereals worldwide, is usually stored in grain bins until its commercialization (Mendoza et al. 2017; OECD-FAO 2018). However, when storage conditions are not optimal, a large number of biological interactions occur, which may cause great economic losses (Abass et al. 2014; Coyle et al. 2005; Cox 2004; Tefera et al. 2011). Some of the most important interactions in grain bins take place between the maize kernels, the insect Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the mycotoxicogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01220-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * J. S. Dambolena [email protected] 1
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBiV-CONICET-UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
2
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA-FCEFyN-UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
3
Área Mejoramiento Genético Vegetal (EEA INTA Manfredi), Ruta N° 9 km 636, Manfredi, Córdoba, Argentina
Nirenberg (Abebe et al. 2009; Chulze 2010; García-Lara et al. 2019). Usually, the insect-fungus-maize tritrophic interaction is studied as a dual system, focusing mainly on the insect-kernel and/or fungus-kernel relationships. Sampietro et al. (2009) studied the relationship between F. verticillioides and maize kernels mediated by the kernel pericarp and its wax content, while Usseglio et al. (2018) reported on the regulatory role of chemical constituent
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