The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants
This Book will be of tremendous value since it introduces the different Bemisia tabaci –Geminivirus pathosystems along with the most recent findings and research endeavors. The various systems, each with its own challenge and complexity will unequivocally
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Winston M.O. Thompson Editor
The Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interaction with Geminivirus-Infected Host Plants Bemisia tabaci, Host Plants and Geminiviruses
Editor Dr. Winston M.O. Thompson Plant Protection National Agricultural Research Institute Mon Repos, East Coast Demerara, Guyana, South America 15216 NE 8th St., H3 98007 Bellevue, Washington USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-94-007-1523-3 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1524-0 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1524-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930863 Chapter 7: © US Government 2011 Chapter 9: © CSIRO Australia 2011 Chapter 13: © US Government 2011 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated to Iris and Christina
Preface
Whiteflies cause significant problems to agricultural production worldwide. There are various biotypes, but B-biotype is of particular importance because of its polyphagous feeding habit, high fecundity and resistance to a wide range of insecticides. It causes direct feeding damage such as the silverleaf condition in squash, but its efficacy in successfully transmitting several geminiviruses is responsible for a number of disease epidemics around the world. Examples include Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in Pakistan and India, Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) in China and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in various parts of the world. In Africa and India, the cassava biotypes pose similar problems. East African cassava mosaic virus and African cassava mosaic virus are effectively transmitted by the cassava biotype B. tabaci. In India, the Indian cassava mosaic virus is also transmitted by a cassava biotype that is genetically incompatible with the biotype transmitting East African cassava mosaic virus and African cassava mosaic virus. The pathosystems involving B-biotype and crops such as cotton and tomatoes, and the respective geminiviruses: CLCuV, TYLCCNV present similar consequences as the pathosystems involving the cassava biotype, cassava and the geminiviruses affecting cassava. The interaction of vector, virus and host plant in some pathosystems, results in high population levels of the vector, which is responsible for several disease epidemics. In more complex situations, mixed infections and recombinant viruses involved in mixed infections contribute to the interplay of host plant, vector and viruses. Effects of infected host plants on population increase of the vector have been related to improved nutritional statu
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