Theoretical Study of a Tunable Low-Temperature Photonic Crystal Sensor Using Dielectric-Superconductor Nanocomposite Lay
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Theoretical Study of a Tunable Low-Temperature Photonic Crystal Sensor Using Dielectric-Superconductor Nanocomposite Layers Zaky A. Zaky 1
&
Arafa H. Aly 1
Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract One-dimensional hybrid photonic crystal made of a superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7) nanocomposite and dielectric material (silicon) is theoretically investigated by the two-fluid model and the transfer matrix method based on Tamm resonance. The structure consists of a ternary photonic crystal capped by metallic layer Ag. Interesting multi-photonic band gaps are achieved for a suitable hybrid periodic system. The characteristic of these multi-photonic band gaps can be manipulated by the temperature of the system. The proposed sensor records high sensitivity (from 1.1 to 2.2 nm/K), very high signal-to-noise (from 24 to 125), and low resolution (from 0.11 to 0.14). Compared with previous works, our proposed sensor can achieve high sensitivity for nearzero (K) temperature sensing. Keywords Photonic crystal . Superconductor . Nanocomposite . Temperature sensor . Tamm resonance . Sensitivity
1 Introduction The photonic crystal (PhC) structure is a class of optical devices that is used for multiple applications [1–3]. It is a periodic array of thin layers with different refractive indices. The periodicity of the refractive index values causes multiple Bragg scattering interference at each interface [4]. A gap of a wavelength range appears that is called photonic bandgap (PBG). By inserting a defect layer inside the PhC or metallic layer as a cap layer in front of the structure, a resonant peak or dip appears inside the PBG. In case of inserting a defect layer inside the structure, the transmittance peak or reflectance dip is called the defect peak. This defect peak appears in the PBG because of the confinement of electromagnetic waves through the defect layer molecules. The position of these peaks depends on the optical properties of the defect layer [5]. On the other hand, adding a metallic layer as a cap layer on the PhC causes a Tamm-plasmon-polariton resonance (Tamm
* Zaky A. Zaky [email protected] Arafa H. Aly [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, TH-PPM Group, Faculty of Sciences,, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
resonance) at the interface between the metallic layer and the PhC [6–9]. As a result of this resonance, a reflectance dip appears. The position of this dip depends on the optical properties of the PhC and surrounding [10]. The principle of using PhCs as sensors is based on the spectral shifts in a resonant transmittance peak or reflectance dip resulting from the confinement of electromagnetic waves in the analyte molecules [11]. More recently, porous silicon (PSi) has received more attention since their discovery to develop novel biosensors [12, 13]. It provides low mass and high surface areas within small volumes [10, 14]. Besides, it has a high sensitivity to electrical, mechanical, and chemi
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