Thermochemical conversion routes of hydrogen production from organic biomass: processes, challenges and limitations
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Thermochemical conversion routes of hydrogen production from organic biomass: processes, challenges and limitations Gopalakrishnan Kumar 1 & A. Parvathy Eswari 2 & S. Kavitha 2 & M. Dinesh Kumar 2 & R. Yukesh Kannah 2 & Lay Chyi How 3 & Gobi Muthukaruppan 4 & J. Rajesh Banu 5 Received: 31 August 2020 / Revised: 25 October 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hydrogen production from various organic biomass via thermochemical process is considered as a promising and economical viable technique. The advantages of this process are higher product yield and flexibility with current available facilities than other hydrogen production methods. Nowadays, large-scale hydrogen production from various biomass is the challenging process. Still, few thermochemical conversion process are yet in developing stage and there are several issues need to be solved for its successful pilot-scale operation, for example fluctuation equipment cost, availability of feedstocks, practical barriers, and public reception. Most of the researchers have strongly recommend that organic biomass is a suitable and predominant source of feedstock for hydrogen production. But, an extensive energy is required for the thermochemical conversion technologies to produce hydrogen rich syngas, due to extremely endothermic effect. In future, more research is required to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas and hydrogen production cost. In addition to this, certain mathematical modeling is required to reduce process energy demand. Detailed techno economic investigations are required to prior implementation of large-scale reactor. This review focuses on various thermochemical conversion technologies and their potential ways of hydrogen production using various organic biomass as a feedstock, challenges, and limitations associated with the process. Keywords Biomass thermochemical conversion . Pyrolysis . Gasification . Chemical looping process . Biomass-derived products . Hydrogen syngas
1 Introduction Approximately 495 EJ/year of main energy are presently needed at global level and this demand is predictable to be twice between 2008 and 2050. There are two ways for finding
* J. Rajesh Banu [email protected] 1
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
4
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
5
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
solution to the energy problem [1]. One is the decrement in the utilization of primary energy by accomplishment of energy competence tools and second one is the promotion of locally available energy resource. Currently, energy demand in the world
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