Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Volume 6: Protein Fluorescence

The intrinsic or natural fluorescence of proteins is perhaps the most complex area of biochemical fluorescence. Fortunately the fluorescent amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan are relatively rare in proteins. Tr- tophan is the dominant int

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Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Edited by JOSEPH R. LAKOWICZ Volume 1: Techniques Volume 2: Principles Volume 3: Biochemical Applications Volume 4: Probe Design and Chemical Sensing Volume 5: Nonlinear and Two-Photon-Induced Fluorescence Volume 6: Protein Fluorescence

Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy Volume 6 Protein FIuorescence

Edited by

JOSEPH R. LAKOWICZ Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland

KIuwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston,Dordrecht, London, Moscow

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-47102-7 0-306-46451-9

©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2000 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers New York All rights reserved

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Dedication

Dedicated to Professor Ludwig Brand for his Pioneering Contributions to Protein Fluorescence This volume of Topics in Fluorescence is dedicated to Prof. Ludwig Brand for his numerous contributions to our understanding of protein fluorescence. Prof. Brand was born in Vienna, Austria. He moved to England as a child before the second world war and came to Boston shortly after the war. Dr. Brand received his Ph.D. from the University of Indiana in 1959 in the field of Biochemistry. Dr. Brand studied with Professor H. R. Mahler at Brandeis University and then with Professor Ephraim Katchalski at the Weizmann Institute. After these studies he joined the Johns Hopkins University where he has remained to this day. Dr. Brand has made extensive contributions to the development of timeresolved fluorescence. He pioneered the use of time-correlated single photon counting for measurements of time dependent spectral relaxation and excited state reactions. He also accomplished the first and most definitive resolution of the emission from two tryptophan residues in a two tryptophan protein. Dr. Brand’s enthusiasm for the field of fluorescence and his consistent good humor have provided effective training for many individuals now using fluorescence to study biochemical and cellular phenomena. Please join us in wishing Dr. Brand continued health and productivity. J. R. Lakowicz, Baltimore, Maryland J. B. A. Ross, New York, New York

Contributors



Herbert C. Cheung Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 352942041.



Sabato D’Auria Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Naples 80125, Italy.



Wen-Ji Dong Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 352942041.



Department of Chemistry, The University of MisMaurice R. Eftink sissippi, Oxford, Mississippi