Antagonistic effects of EDTA against biochemical toxicity induced by Cr(VI) in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antagonistic effects of EDTA against biochemical toxicity induced by Cr(VI) in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings Manik Sharma1 • Vinod Kumar2 • Sonia Mahey1 • Renu Bhardwaj1 Ashwani Kumar Thukral1
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Received: 3 August 2020 / Revised: 21 October 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract The present study aims at the amelioration of chromium Cr(VI) toxicity using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and to understand the interactive effects of Cr(VI) and EDTA with respect to seedling growth, lipid peroxidation as assessed from malondialdehyde, pigments and antioxidative enzymes in Hordeum vulgare L. Following multivariate statistical techniques were used to study binary interactions between Cr(VI) and EDTA: 2-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test, multiple regression with interaction between Cr an EDTA, beta coefficients, path analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The present study revealed that the EDTA decreases lipid peroxidation induced by Cr(VI) and ameliorates the antioxidative defence system and pigment constitution of seedlings grown in Cr(VI) containing media. EDTA–Cr(VI) interaction decreased the Cr content in the seedlings which may be attributed to the chelating effect of EDTA. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors, the ratio of Cr content in the plant to that in the medium, were decreased by addition of EDTA to Cr(VI), indicating a decrease in the uptake of Cr by the seedlings from the medium. NMDS revealed that the ranking of the studied parameters is maintained by ordination on two axes. The study established that EDTA is antagonistic to Cr(VI) induced biochemical toxicity, and improves the antioxidative defence system, increases the chlorophyll content, and decreases Cr uptake in barley seedlings. & Vinod Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
2
Department of Botany, Government Degree College Ramban, Jammu 182144, India
Keywords Barley Antioxidative enzymes Chromium uptake Chlorophyll Multivariate statistical techniques
Introduction Incessant burning of fossil fuels along with uncontrolled release of industrial wastes has resulted in accruing of heavy metals (HMs) in the ecosystems (Govindasamy et al. 2011a, b; Kumar et al. 2019a, b). Some of the HMs are vital for most of the redox reactions which are important for cellular metabolism, although, their levels above tolerable limits lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS are extremely cytotoxic and oxidize various macromolecules, i.e., proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thus disorganizing the permeability of membranes (Kumar et al. 2020). Consequently, the pile up of ROS results in imbalance of antioxidative defense system in plants leading to oxidative stress (Sharma et al. 2011). Amongst the heavy metals, chromium (Cr) is ubiquitously dispersed in nature, and its harmful effects on morphological and biochem
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