Trace Metals in Pork Meat Products Marketed in Italy: Occurrence and Health Risk Characterization
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Trace Metals in Pork Meat Products Marketed in Italy: Occurrence and Health Risk Characterization Grazia Barone 1 & Arianna Storelli 1 & Nicoletta C. Quaglia 2 & Rita Garofalo 1 & Daniela Meleleo 1 & Antonio Busco 1 & Maria Maddalena Storelli 1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This study provides valuable information on the levels of various trace metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu, Cr) in meat products (baked ham, raw ham, mortadella, cured sausage, würstel, salami) from South Italy and calculates potential health risk toxicity associated with their consumption for the total population and for children. In the samples studied metal concentrations are within the permissible legal limits (Cd: 0.01–0.03 μg g−1 w.w., Hg: 0.01–0.02 μg g−1 w.w., Zn: 5.71–7.32 μg g−1 w.w., Cu: 1.08– 1.21 μg g−1 w.w., Cr: 0.15–0.23 μg g−1 w.w.), except for Pb (Pb: 0.22–0.38 μg g−1 w.w.). The estimated intake values are within the provisional tolerable daily intake limits for toxic metals and recommended daily intake values for essential metals in both tested groups. The noncarcinogenic risk values of the individual metals indicate that there is no health risk, but their combined effects might constitute a potential risk for children. Furthermore, the cumulative cancer risk of all samples studied exceeds the recommended threshold risk limit (> 10−4) in both total population and children, indicating a risk of potential health problems for consumers especially for children, who are more vulnerable to toxic metal exposure. Keywords Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk . Hazard index . Margin of exposure . Pork meat products . Trace metals
Introduction Over the past few decades, changes in life and food style of population have led an increase in the demand for processed foods [1]. Meat is a major segment of processed food, with pork meat having the greatest economic dimension. Pork meat products are, in fact, the most consumed in the world, either in the fresh or processed form [2]. In Italy, the most commonly consumed processed meats are baked ham in the first place, with a percentage equal to 26.3%, followed by raw ham with 22.0%, mortadella and würstel up to 19.0%, salami with 7.8%, and other cured meats making 23.7% [2]. Today, there is a considerable concern over the extent of environmental pollution with chemical contaminants and their relationship to public health. Among
* Maria Maddalena Storelli [email protected] 1
Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Department, University of Bari, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
2
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
these substances, pollution by heavy metals is recognized as one of the most dangerous problems in the world, and of primary concern for proven hazardous nature are mercury, lead, and cadmium. Consumption of food contaminated by these elements can, in fact, cause profound bi
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