Tramadol abuse among workers in an industrial city in mid-Nile Delta region, Egypt
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Tramadol abuse among workers in an industrial city in mid-Nile Delta region, Egypt Mahmoud Rabee Abd-Elkader 1 & Ibrahim Ali Kabbash 2 & Rania M. El-Sallamy 3 & Hossam El-Sawy 4 & El-Sayyed Abdel-Hameed Gad 4 Received: 7 May 2019 / Accepted: 10 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Tramadol abuse is an increasingly alarming phenomenon among Egyptian Community especially among workers and drivers. Study profile and factors affecting tramadol abuse among industrial workers in Mid-Nile Delta Region. A cross sectional study among minibus drivers, construction and textile industries workers. From each target group 300 males were chosen randomly. The total sample size was 900 persons. Interview questionnaire was used for data collection. Diagnosis of tramadol abuse was according DSM-5 Criteria. Intake of tramadol was high among construction workers (92.3%) followed by bus drivers (53.0%) and lastly textile workers (25.3%). The main source of tramadol was friends (45.4%) followed by drug dealers (16.6%). The main reason of abuse was to improve mood (54.3%) followed by relief of pain and help to continue work (37.3%). Tramadol is prevalent among industrial workers due to different reasons related to the work load and stressful events. Ever intake of tramadol was high among construction workers followed by bus drivers and lastly textile workers. Drug testing for workers in workplace is a must to ensure community safety. Keywords Tramadol . Abuse . Workers . Drivers
Introduction Tramadol is centrally acting opioid analgesics used for the management of mild to severe pain. It is a commonly prescribed painkiller. The analgesic actions of tramadol arise from dual mechanism of action by agonist actions of the drug at the μ-opioid receptor causing analgesia and sedation by inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake reducing pain perception (El-Hadidy and Helaly 2015; Grond and Sablotzki 2004). Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Ibrahim Ali Kabbash [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
2
Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
3
Occupational Medicine at Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
4
Department of Neuro Psychiatry - Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Tramadol abuse is an increasingly alarming phenomenon and widely spread among the Egyptian Community especially among workers and drivers. In an Egyptian study, tramadol was found to be second most common substance abused after cannabis (El-Hadidy and Helaly 2015). Recently noticeable and very obvious increase in all forms of violence, rape, aggression, and traffic accidents were closely related to drug abuse (Fawzi 2011). Tramadol low price and availability without prescription make it very popular. It is used by workers as a remedy for premature ejaculation, increase sexual desire and
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